Carbon Capture
Carbon Capture takes an interdisciplinary approach with in-depth discussion based on fundamental concepts, ranging from the chemical physics associated with a given material that binds CO2, to the unit operations of the process, closely coupled
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Jennifer Wilcox
Carbon Capture
2123
Prof. Jennifer Wilcox Dept. of Energy Resources Engineering Stanford University Stanford, CA USA
ISBN 978-1-4614-2214-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-2215-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-2215-0 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011946237 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The burning of fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and gas meets more than 85% of the world’s energy needs today. The associated CO2 emissions cause detrimental changes to the earth’s climate. The scientific community agrees that the solution for mitigating CO2 emissions lies in a portfolio of strategies, including carbon capture and storage (CCS) and potentially carbon capture and utilization (CCU). The mitigation of CO2 through its separation from gas mixtures such as power plant emissions, i.e., Carbon Capture, will be a critical step toward stabilizing global warming. Amine-based scrubbing for CO2 capture has been taking place for over 70 years to purify natural gas, but it is unclear whether this technology will be optimal for tackling the scale of CO2 emitted on an annual basis (∼ 30 Gt worldwide). The next several decades of engineers, chemists, physicists, earth scientists, mathematicians, and social scientists will advance traditional separation technologies. Thus, this book spans a wide range of disciplines, as will the portfolio of solutions. The core of the book focuses on the most advanced CO2 capture technologies including absorption, adsorption, and membranes. The book also includes chapters on algae and electrochemical/photocatalytic CO2 -to-fuel conversion processes. The reduction of CO2 via photosynthesis or electrochemical/photo catalysis are routes to alternative fuels. Along with climate change, the development of alternatives to crude oil for transportation fuels will be a strong drive of policy. These two drivers are likely to remain present for a long time, with indeterminate relative weights. An additional motivation for including these topics is the vision that one day they may be advanced to the extent that CCS can take place in a single process, rather than the current three-step sequence of capture, compression, and st
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