Carbon Nanotube-Based 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional Field Emitter Structures
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08582-0 Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Carbon Nanotube-Based 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional Field Emitter Structures GURJINDER KAUR,1 ARVIND DASGUPTA,1 SUDHEER KORLAM,1 GAURAV MODI,1 NARASIMHA VINOD PULAGARA,1 and INDRANIL LAHIRI 1,2,3 1.—Nanomaterials and Applications Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India. 2.—Centre of Excellence: Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India. 3.—e-mail: [email protected]
Attractive attributes of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which include high aspect ratio, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, high melting point, and longer lifetime, have made this one-dimensional material a promising candidate for next-generation field emitters. In the present work, CNTs were grown directly on copper foil, copper foam, nickel foil and nickel foam through chemical vapor deposition. A comparison between CNT-based two-dimensional emitters, i.e. CNTs synthesized on copper and nickel foils, CNT-based three-dimensional (3D) emitters, i.e. CNTs developed on foams of copper and nickel, have been demonstrated. We observed that CNTs on foams exhibited better field emission compared to CNTs synthesized on foils. This is due to the multistage structure of the 3D foams which provides high surface area for CNT growth and hence enhanced field emission response. In the present work, a CNT sample prepared on nickel foam was observed to exhibit better field emission response compared to the other samples synthesized in the present study. This particular sample demonstrated a very low turn-on field of 0.93 V/lm, excellent field enhancement factor of 13,343 and good stability of electron emission. Graphic Abstract
(Received April 11, 2020; accepted October 20, 2020)
Kaur, Dasgupta, Korlam, Modi, Pulagara, and Lahiri
Key words: Foam, foil, carbon nanotubes, field emission
INTRODUCTION During the last few decades, a strong interest has emerged among various research groups worldwide in field emission (FE) technology because field emitters are widely used in parallel electron beam lithography, electron microscopes,1,2 sources of xray devices,2 high-power microwave generators,3 flat panel field emission displays4 and flat lamps.5 The first report of Heer et al.6 regarding FE application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) placed CNTs in the limelight in the field emission research industry. CNTs are the best known field emitters because of their favourable aspect ratio, excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, good mechanical strength and very high melting temperature which enables CNT-based emitters to offer high emission current at low electric field as compared to metals and other field emitters.6–9 In spite of the huge popularity of CNTs for field emission applications, characteristics of the emitters, especially turn-on field, lifetime of the device and current d
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