Spindt Cathodes and Other Field Emitter Arrays
Based on the introduction of semiconductor technologies, the application of thin-film and micromachining techniques to fabricate integrated vacuum field emission devices in the submicron size range became feasible in the 1960s. These were pioneered at SRI
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Georg Gaertner Wolfram Knapp Richard G. Forbes Editors
Modern Developments in Vacuum Electron Sources
Topics in Applied Physics Volume 135
Series Editors Young Pak Lee, Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of) Paolo M. Ossi, NEMAS - WIBIDI Lab, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy David J. Lockwood, Metrology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada Kaoru Yamanouchi, Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Topics in Applied Physics is a well-established series of review books, each of which presents a comprehensive survey of a selected topic within the domain of applied physics. Since 1973 it has served a broad readership across academia and industry, providing both newcomers and seasoned scholars easy but comprehensive access to the state of the art of a number of diverse research topics. Edited and written by leading international scientists, each volume contains high-quality review contributions, extending from an introduction to the subject right up to the frontiers of contemporary research. Topics in Applied Physics strives to provide its readership with a diverse and interdisciplinary collection of some of the most current topics across the full spectrum of applied physics research, including but not limited to: • • • • • • • • • • •
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Georg Gaertner Wolfram Knapp Richard G. Forbes •
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Editors
Modern Developments in Vacuum Electron Sources
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Editors Georg Gaertner Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany Richard G. Forbes Advanced Technology Institute and Department of Electronic Engineering University of Surrey Guildford, Surrey, UK
Wolfram Knapp FMB/IFQ Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany
ISSN 0303-4216 ISSN 1437-0859 (electronic) Topics in Applied Physics ISBN 978-3-030-47290-0 ISBN 978-3-030-47291-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47291-7 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other
