Carbon nanotube-collagen@hydroxyapatite composites with improved mechanical and biological properties fabricated by a mu
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Carbon nanotube-collagen@hydroxyapatite composites with improved mechanical and biological properties fabricated by a multi in situ synthesis process Haipeng Li 1,2 & Xiwen Sun 1 & Yuanjun Li 1 & Hongshui Wang 1 & Baoe Li 1 & Chunyong Liang 1,2
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A novel carbon nanotube-collagen@hydroxyapatite (CNT-Col@HA) composite with good mechanical and biological properties was fabricated successfully by a multi in situ synthesis process, which can be used to repair or replace the damaged bone tissues. The carbon nanotube (CNT)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite powders were firstly synthesized by the in situ chemical vapor deposition method. After the acidification of CNTs, the collagen (Col) molecules were covalently grafted onto the surface of CNTs in situ by the formation of amide linkages, obtaining Col-encapsulated CNTs powders. And then, a HA layer was deposited in situ onto the Col-encapsulated CNTs to form HA- and Col-encapsulated CNTs, consequently the ideal CNTCol@HA composite was fabricated by the powder metallurgy method, and its mechanical and biological properties were investigated. The results showed that, the multi in situ synthesis process ensured the homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in HA matrix, and via the intermediate layer of Col, the close chemical bonding between CNT reinforcements and HA matrix was obtained, thereby the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the in situ synthesized 3 wt.% CNT-Col@HA composite were increased by approximately 74.2% and 274.6% compared with those of pure HA bulk, and better cell adhesion, spreading and proliferation were also observed on the in situ synthesized CNT-Col@HA composites. Therefore, the obtained composites in this work have great potential to be applied as implant material in clinic. Keywords Carbon nanotubes . Hydroxyapatite . Collagen . In situ synthesis . Mechanical and biological property
1 Introduction Hydroxyapatite (HA), which has similar composition with the inorganic constitute of human skeletal system, has attracted worldwide attention as an important implant material for bone tissues owing to its excellent properties such as biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and bioactivity (Kokubo et al. 2003; Mukherjee et al. 2016; Khalili et al. 2016). However, HA is Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-020-00520-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Baoe Li [email protected] * Chunyong Liang [email protected] 1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
2
Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
also characterized by high brittleness, and it hinders its application in hard tissue replacement. To improve the mechanical properties of HA, many reinforcing phases (e.g., ceramic, metal, carbon fiber) have been exployed to fabricate the HA matrix composites (Kob
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