Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis from Four Different Organic Precursors by CVD
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Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis from Four Different Organic Precursors by CVD F. G. Granados-Martínez1, J. J. Contreras-Navarrete1, D. L. García-Ruiz1, C. J. GutiérrezGarcía1, A. Durán-Navarro1, E. E. Gama-Ortega1, N. Flores-Ramírez1, E. Huipe-Nava1, L. García-González2, M. de L. Mondragón-Sánchez3, L. Domratcheva-Lvova1* 1
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Gral. Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Felicitas del Río, 58030 Morelia, Mich., México, [email protected] 2 Centro de Investigaciones en Micro y Nanotecnología de la Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, Veracruz, México. 3 Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia, Avenida Tecnológico 1500. Lomas de Santiaguito 58120, Morelia, Mich., México ABSTRACT Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) from diethyl ether, butanol, hexane and ethyl acetate. A quartz tube with a stainless steel tube catalyst core with 0.019 m diameter and 0.6 m large formed the reactor. To avoid combustion, argon was used as the carrier gas. Time process ranged 30 to 60 min. The range of CNTs synthesis temperature was 680-850 °C for different precursors. Scanning Electron Microscopy micrographs have demonstrated tangled CNTs growth in all samples, thus presenting difficult length measurement. The CNTs diameters from diethyl ether are 45-200 nm, butanol diameter range from 55-230 nm, hexane diameter range is 50-130 nm and ethyl acetate range from 100 to 300 nm. Carbon content for all samples was higher than 93 %, CNTs from butanol showed carbon concentration up to 99%. FTIR, Raman and X-Ray Spectroscopies spectra for all samples demonstrated the characteristics signals present in carbon nanotubes. This research proposes a simple, effective and innovative method to synthesize CNTs by CVD on iron stainless steel catalyst in combination with diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butanol and hexane as precursors by applying the principles of green chemistry, sustainability and its ease to be scaled. INTRODUCTION Nowadays carbon nanotubes are involved in technological advance, therefore is important to look for ecological and sustainable methods of CNTs production [1]. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method offers the opportunity to scale up to industrial production; also this kind of process allows producing different CNTs lengths and diameters by varying the synthesis conditions [2]. The wide application of nanomaterials needs to consider the design of production processes with minimal environmental impact. The reaction conditions can be adjusted to make possible to obtain products through efficiently and environmental friendly processes [3]. Eckelman et al. [4] and Kumar et al. [5] suggest that green chemistry principles like prevention, atom economy, less hazardous chemical synthesis, designing safer chemicals, safer solvents and auxiliaries, design for energy efficiency, use of renewable feedstocks, reduce derivatives, catalysis, design for degradation, real time analysis for pollution prevention and inherently safer chemistry for accident prevention, are mostly fulfil
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