Cardiac Arrest

The human brain is dependent upon the delivery of oxygen and glucose and the removal of waste products for normal activity with the interruption of this cycle resulting in tissue injury. A reduction of oxygen content within the brain parenchyma is the sta

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vascular Neuropsychology Second Edition

Neurovascular Neuropsychology

Ronald M. Lazar  •  MaryKay A. Pavol Jeffrey N. Browndyke Editors

Neurovascular Neuropsychology Second Edition

Editors Ronald M. Lazar UAB Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA

MaryKay A. Pavol Department of Neurology Neurological Institute Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York, NY, USA

Jeffrey N. Browndyke Division of Geriatric Behavioral Health Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA

ISBN 978-3-030-49585-5    ISBN 978-3-030-49586-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49586-2 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

To Soody, my partner in all things. —RML To Doug, Ava, Riley, and Helen for always reminding me of what is most important. —MAP To Karen, Lauren, and Aria, who brighten my life, and to my parents for bestowing me with a bottomless sense of curiosity. —JNP

Preface to the Second Edition

In the decade since the first edition of Neurovascular Neuropsychology, there has been an extraordinary growth in knowledge that has improved diagnosis, spurred development of novel treatment modalities, and improved outcomes for those with cerebrovascular disease. We are gratified to see that the role of neuropsychology and cognition in this enterprise has expanded commensurately. The increased recognition of the importance of cognition as an outcome in vascular neuroscience seems to have arisen because of not only the direct effects of disease on brain function but also the widening appreciation of the cognitive implication