Cardiac Syndrome X and Myocardial Ischemia: Pathogenesis
Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is characterized by: (1) angina chest pain triggered by effort; (2) ST-segment depression on exercise stress electrocardiogram or other findings compatible with myocardial ischemia; (3) normal coronary arteries at angiography, in
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Chest Pain with Normal Coronary Arteries
A Multidisciplinary Approach
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Chest Pain with Normal Coronary Arteries
Juan Carlos Kaski • Guy D. Eslick C. Noel Bairey Merz Editors
Chest Pain with Normal Coronary Arteries A Multidisciplinary Approach
Editors Juan Carlos Kaski, MD, DSc, FRCP, FESC, FACC, FAHA Division of Clinical Sciences Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre St. George’s University of London Cranmer Terrace London UK
C. Noel Bairey Merz, MD, FACC, FAHA Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute Los Angeles, California USA
Guy D. Eslick, DrPH, PhD, FACE, FFPH Department of Surgery The Whiteley-Martin Research Centre The University of Sydney, Sydney Australia
ISBN 978-1-4471-4837-1 ISBN 978-1-4471-4838-8 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-4838-8 Springer London Heidelberg New York Dordrecht
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013934226 © Springer-Verlag London 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
This book is dedicated to all researchers worldwide who over the years have contributed to the understanding of this puzzling condition. In particular, to those who dared thinking beyond the boundaries of established “dogma” and constituted an example for newer generations of physicians and scientists.
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