Cardiometabolic risk factors among patients with tuberculosis attending tuberculosis treatment centers in Nepal
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Cardiometabolic risk factors among patients with tuberculosis attending tuberculosis treatment centers in Nepal Indra Prasad Poudyal1†, Pratik Khanal1*† , Shiva Raj Mishra2,3, Milan Malla4, Prakash Poudel1, Raj Kumar Jha1, Anil Phuyal1, Abiral Barakoti4 and Bipin Adhikari5
Abstract Background: The co-morbidity of cardiometabolic diseases in patients with Tuberculosis adds a significant burden in current health systems in developing countries including Nepal. The main objective of this study was to explore cardiometabolic risk factors among patients with Tuberculosis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among patients with tuberculosis in 12 tuberculosis treatment centers from eight districts of Nepal between May and July 2017. Interviews with participants were conducted using a structured questionnaire and were supplemented by anthropometric measurements and on-site blood glucose tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Among 221 study participants, 138 (62.4%) had new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 24 (10.9%) had new smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis and 34 (15.4%) had new extra- pulmonary tuberculosis. Overall, 43.1% of the patients with tuberculosis had at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. The prevalence of at least one cardiometabolic risk factor was more in male than female (47.8% versus 33.8%). Prevalence of tobacco (18.9% versus 4.8%), and alcohol (12.6% versus 6.5%) use was proportionately higher in male compared to female. The prevalence of hypertension (17% vs. 21%) and obesity (11.9% vs. 12.9%) was lower in male compared to females. Female (AOR = 0.47; CI: 0.23–0.94), those from Gandaki Province (AOR = 0.32; CI: 0.13–0.79) and literate (AOR = 0.49; CI: 0.25– 0.96) had reduced risk of cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Conclusions: This study highlights the role of gender and socio-demographic characteristics associated with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in patients with Tuberculosis. The findings from this study can guide medical practitioners and policy makers to consider clinical suspicion, diagnosis and treatment. National treatment guideline can benefit by integrating the management of non-communicable diseases in Tuberculosis treatment centers. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Cardiometabolic risk factors, Non-communicable diseases
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Indra Prasad Poudyal and Pratik Khanal equally contributing first authors 1 Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third p
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