Catalytic Conversion of Furan to Gasoline-Range Aliphatic Hydrocarbons via Ring Opening and Decarbonylation Reactions Ca
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Catalytic Conversion of Furan to Gasoline-Range Aliphatic Hydrocarbons via Ring Opening and Decarbonylation Reactions Catalyzed by Pt/c-Al2O3 Ron C. Runnebaum • Tarit Nimmanwudipong • Jonathan Doan • David E. Block • Bruce C. Gates
Received: 8 March 2012 / Accepted: 20 March 2012 / Published online: 10 April 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract Conversion of furan in the presence of H2 catalyzed by Pt/c-Al2O3 at 573 K and 1.4 bar leads to the formation of alkanes and alkenes, some in the gasolinerange, including C7 hydrocarbons, butenes, propene, and propane.
aromatics in a fast pyrolysis process with HZSM-5 catalyst at temperatures ranging from 673 to 873 K [7]. Furan was proposed as an intermediate in the conversion of furfural to butane with various silica-supported metal catalysts [5]. We now report the first observation of furan conversion to C7 gasoline-range aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Keywords Biomass conversion Processes and reactions Furan conversion Hydrocarbons from furan 2 Experimental 1 Introduction The goal of converting biomass to fuels has motivated extensive recent research on the catalytic reactions of whole cellulosic biomass and of sugars formed by deconstruction of biomass. Furan is an important product in the catalytic fast pyrolysis of cellulose [1] and in the catalytic conversion of sugars [2, 3] and sugar-derived products such as furfural [4, 5]. Furfural is an important product in the conversion of cellulose-derived sugars catalyzed by solids in aqueous slurries [6]. Our goal was to go beyond this work to consider catalytic reactions of furan and test it as a potential intermediate in biofuels synthesis. Conversion of furan catalyzed by a solid acid, HZSM-5, leads to benzofuran and polycyclic aromatics [4]. Furan can also be converted into light aliphatics (C2–C6) and
Reactions catalyzed by Pt/c-Al2O3 (205966-100G, SigmaAldrich, 1 wt% Pt, surface area 206 m2 g-1, platinum dispersion 0.25) or HY zeolite [CBV 720, Zeolyst, Si/ Al = 15.0 (atomic)] powders were carried out in a oncethrough packed-bed flow reactor under the following conditions, with furan (Sigma-Aldrich, 99 %) vaporized at 305 K into a flowing gas stream: temperature, 573 K; pressure, 1.4 bar; catalyst mass, 50.2–200.8 mg; gas feed (30 % H2, 70 % N2) flow rate, 3.0 9 10-3 mol min-1; furan flow rate, 1.65 9 10-3 mol min-1. Product streams were analyzed periodically by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The reaction system, analytical instrumentation, and data analyzes have been reported [8].
3 Results R. C. Runnebaum T. Nimmanwudipong J. Doan D. E. Block B. C. Gates (&) Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA e-mail: [email protected] D. E. Block Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Product analyses (Table 1) show that benzofuran was the only significant product in the conversion of furan in the absence of H2 when the catalyst was HY
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