Catalytic CO2 Conversion to Added-Value Energy Rich C1 Products
Carbon-dioxide emission from various sources is the primary cause of rapid climate change. Its utilization and storage are becoming a pivotal issue to reduce the risk of future devastating effect. The conversion of carbon-dioxide as an abundant and inexpe
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Catalytic CO2 Conversion to Added-Value Energy Rich C1 Products Jangam Ashok, Leonardo Falbo, Sonali Das, Nikita Dewangan, Carlo Giorgio Visconti and Sibudjing Kawi
Abstract
Carbon-dioxide emission from various sources is the primary cause of rapid climate change. Its utilization and storage are becoming a pivotal issue to reduce the risk of future devastating effect. The conversion of carbon-dioxide as an abundant and inexpensive feedstock to valuable chemicals is a challenging contemporary issue having multi-facets. There is a need to elucidate the process of utilizing CO2 to gain a fundamental understanding to overcome the challenges. This chapter focuses on converting CO2 to C1 valuable chemicals via hydrogenation (methane, methanol, syngas, formic acid) and reforming reactions (syngas). The first four parts of this chapter cover the production of methane, methanol and formic acid via hydrogenation reaction and syngas via reverse water gas shift reaction. Moreover, the last part of the chapters consists of reforming whereby CO2 acts as a mild oxidant for the production of syngas (CO + H2). The chapter covers different aspects, including the current challenges in the process, the state of the art and design of catalysts, and mechanistic consideration, all of which are critically evaluated to give the insight into each reaction.
J. Ashok S. Das N. Dewangan S. Kawi (&) Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore e-mail: [email protected] L. Falbo C. G. Visconti (&) Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 M. Aresta et al. (eds.), An Economy Based on Carbon Dioxide and Water, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15868-2_5
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Introduction
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide production is widely accepted as a major reason for accelerated climate change and global warming. In recent years, there has been a wide amount of global interest in finding sustainable ways to reverse the increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Globally, treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement identify reduction in carbon emissions as vital in preventing the potentially disastrous effects of further global warming. Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) is one of the key areas that can achieve CO2 emission targets at the same time contributing to the production of energy, fuels and chemicals to support the increasing demand. In CCU, carbon dioxide is captured and separated from emission gases and then converted into valuable products. CO2 may be used as a raw material for conversion into syngas and energy products such as methane, methanol, dimethyl ether etc., or as chemical feedstock for production of inorganic or organic carbonates, carboxylates, urea etc. [1–3]. Many of the technologies to convert CO2 into value-added products are still immature, and the focus of active res
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