Catalytic process modeling and sensitivity analysis of alkylation of benzene with ethanol over MIL-101(Fe) and MIL-88(Fe
- PDF / 1,133,719 Bytes
- 12 Pages / 595.276 x 785.197 pts Page_size
- 40 Downloads / 175 Views
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Catalytic process modeling and sensitivity analysis of alkylation of benzene with ethanol over MIL-101(Fe) and MIL-88(Fe) Ehsan Rahmani, Mohammad Rahmani (✉) Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 158754413, Iran
© Higher Education Press 2020
Abstract A solvothermal method was used to synthesize MIL-101(Fe) and MIL-88(Fe), which were used for alkylation of benzene. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, and BET techniques. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were modeled to investigate the catalytic performance and existence of mass transfer limitations. Calculated effectiveness factors revealed absence of internal and external mass transfer. Sensitivity analysis revealed best operating conditions over MIL-101 at 120°C and 5 bar and over MIL-88 at 142°C and 9 bar. Keywords MOFs, alkylation, ethylbenzene, catalysts pellet model, kinetic model, sensitivity analysis
1
Introduction
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely applied in gas storage and separation, sensors, catalysis, and drug delivery [1–4]. MOFs consist of an organic linker, such as terephthalic acid, and a metal ion, which makes them an infinite porous material [5,6]. They have high surface area, controllable geometry, adjustable pores, and structural variety, compared with conventional microporous and mesoporous materials [7]. They are frequently applied as an catalyst in Aldol condensation [8], Knoevenagel condensation [9,10], photocatalysis [11,12], hydrogenation/isomerization [13,14], cyanosilylation of aldehydes [15], oxidation [16,17], acylation/alkylation of aromatics [18,19], and other condensation reactions [20]. Alkylation and acylation reactions are widely used in Received April 25, 2019; accepted July 29, 2019 E-mail: [email protected]
chemical and petrochemical processes to produce organic products such as solvents, pharmaceuticals, fragrance, dyes, and agrochemicals [21]. Traditionally, the alkylation process is carried out using chloride acids such as AlCl3, FeCl3 or TiCl4, but the use of them may lead to problems such as catalyst stability, equipment corrosion, and environment pollution [22]. Hence, enormous attempts have been made to expand alternative heterogeneous catalytic systems (e.g., zeolites), in which utilizing solid acid catalysts would facilitate product separation and catalyst recovery and reduce product contamination by lowering metal leaching [23,24]. Various heterogeneous components such as zeolites, modified clays, MCM-41, ion-exchange resins, mesoporous sulfated zirconia or nafion/silica composite materials have been considered for alkylation or acylation processes [26,27]. However, the industrial alkylation process was carried out using zeolites under license by companies such as UOP, Mobil Badger or Eni, where this process was carried out at elevated temperature (e.g., 400°C) with high by-products [21]. As is known t
Data Loading...
