Catora: congestion avoidance through transmission ordering and resource awareness in delay tolerant networks
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Catora: congestion avoidance through transmission ordering and resource awareness in delay tolerant networks Douglas McGeehan1 • Sanjay Kumar Madria1
Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The proliferation of wireless mobile devices encourages research into their employment to form delay tolerant networks (DTN) for such applications as disaster response, military communications, and crowdsourcing. Within a DTN, messages are exchanged between nodes following a store-carry-forward paradigm, which is notably susceptible to congestion and can lead to a crippling in network performance. A DTN’s time-dynamic topology departs from traditional network definitions in its unpredictable and volatile nature, thus prohibiting the effective adoption of traditional network solutions to this problem. In this paper, the Catora system is proposed as a multi-copy message exchange and buffer management system designed to both aid in the delivery of prioritized messages and mitigate congestion and its degradation. Operating around the distinct ordering of messages for transfer, delivery, and deletion, Catora propagates messages so as to balance their dissemination, hasten the delivery of high priority messages, and avoid congestion through strategic buffer management. Simulations using two real-world datasets demonstrate Catora’s capability to quickly deliver more messages at reduced overhead costs when compared to benchmarks and the state-of-the-art, even when the network suffers from congestion. Keywords Delay tolerant networks Message delivery Congestion Mobile social network
1 Introduction As of the third quarter of 2018, at least 4.74 billion smartphones were in use globally, with annual forecasts for 2019 to 2023 projecting an estimated 1.39 to 1.54 additional billion smartphones will be sold each year [9, 28]. With these wireless mobile devices becoming ubiquitous throughout the world, now is an opportunity to investigate how to piggyback from their pervasiveness to form ad-hoc networks for applications such as disaster relief and coordination [26, 33], battlefield coordination [4], and safe and efficient transportation [11, 21]. The challenge of effectively employing these devices results from the volatility and sparsity of interconnectivity, primarily due to mobility, & Sanjay Kumar Madria [email protected] Douglas McGeehan [email protected] 1
Department of Computer Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
isolation, noisy wireless communication, and limited resources. Thus, message delivery in such a network must adopt a store-carry-forward approach, where devices store messages in their buffers, carry them as they move, and forward them to opportunistically encountered devices. This network is called a Delay Tolerant Network, and nodes therein may have no knowledge as to when encounters will occur [15]. When encounters do occur, the unpredictable duration of the connections, variable channel capacities,
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