Cave Ecology
Cave organisms are the ‘monsters’ of the underground world and studying them invariably raises interesting questions about the ways evolution has equipped them to survive in permanent darkness and low-energy environments. Undertaking ecological studies in
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Oana Teodora Moldovan L’ubomír Kováč Stuart Halse Editors
Cave Ecology
Ecological Studies Analysis and Synthesis Volume 235
Series editors Martyn M. Caldwell Logan, Utah, USA Josep G. Canadell Canberra, Australia Sandra Díaz Cordoba, Argentina Gerhard Heldmaier Marburg, Germany Robert B. Jackson Stanford, California, USA Delphis F. Levia Newark, Delaware, USA Ernst-Detlef Schulze Jena, Germany Ulrich Sommer Kiel, Germany David A. Wardle Singapore, Singapore
Ecological Studies is Springer’s premier book series treating all aspects of ecology. These volumes, either authored or edited collections, appear several times each year. They are intended to analyze and synthesize our understanding of natural and managed ecosystems and their constituent organisms and resources at different scales from the biosphere to communities, populations, individual organisms and molecular interactions. Many volumes constitute case studies illustrating and synthesizing ecological principles for an intended audience of scientists, students, environmental managers and policy experts. Recent volumes address biodiversity, global change, landscape ecology, air pollution, ecosystem analysis, microbial ecology, ecophysiology and molecular ecology. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/86
Oana Teodora Moldovan • Ľubomír Kováč • Stuart Halse Editors
Cave Ecology
Editors Oana Teodora Moldovan Emil Racovitza Institute of Speleology, Romanian Academy Cluj Napoca, Romania
Ľubomír Kováč Faculty of Science P. J. Šafárik University Košice, Slovakia
Stuart Halse Bennelongia Environmental Consultants Jolimont, Western Australia, Australia
ISSN 0070-8356 ISSN 2196-971X (electronic) Ecological Studies Analysis and Synthesis ISBN 978-3-319-98850-4 ISBN 978-3-319-98852-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98852-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018962260 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutra
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