Caveolin-1 Expression at Metastatic Lymph Nodes Predicts Unfavorable Outcome in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcino
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Caveolin-1 Expression at Metastatic Lymph Nodes Predicts Unfavorable Outcome in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Koroku Kato 1
&
Hiroki Miyazawa 1 & Hisano Kobayashi 1 & Natsuyo Noguchi 1 & Daniel Lambert 2 & Shuichi Kawashiri 1
Received: 17 May 2019 / Accepted: 30 December 2019 # Arányi Lajos Foundation 2020
Abstract We evaluated the clinical and prognostic value of the protein expression of caveolin-1 (CAV1) and p16 at the primary site and metastatic lymph nodes of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Primary site specimens from 80 OSCC cases were randomly selected and lymph node specimens from 15 preserved metastatic lymph nodes from among those patients were selected for examination. We evaluated the CAV1 and p16 expression at both the primary site and metastatic lymph nodes, and analyzed the patients’ clinicopathological data in relation to CAV1 and p16 expression. Our analysis revealed significant positive correlations between CAV1 expression at the primary site and pathological metastasis, cell differentiation, and mode of invasion (p = 0.019, p = 0.002, p = 0.015, respectively), but p16 expression was not associated with any clinicopathological factors. Patients with high CAV1 expression at the primary sites showed significantly worse prognoses than those with low or negative CAV1 expression (p = 0.002), and multivariate analysis showed that the T classification and CAV1 expression were independent OSCC prognostic factors. CAV1 expression was also present in the metastatic lymph nodes of the OSCC cases with particularly poor differentiation and high invasive grade, and patients with CAV1-positive metastatic lymph nodes showed significantly worse prognoses than those with CAV1-negative metastatic lymph nodes (p = 0.018). CAV1 may activate metastaticity and the invasive capacity of OSCC cells. CAV1 expression, particularly at metastatic lymph nodes, predicts a worse outcome for OSCC, suggesting that CAV1 could be used as a prognostic marker for OSCC. Keywords Caveolin-1 . p16 . Oral squamous cell carcinoma . Metastatic lymph node . Prognosis
Introduction Worldwide each year, 270,000 people develop oral cancer and 128,000 of these cases are fatal [1]. Roughly 90% of oral cancer cases are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although the diagnosis of OSCC and the treatments for this cancer have greatly improved, the prognosis has not changed significantly and remains especially poor for advanced-stage OSCC [2]. Improving the prognosis of OSCC is thus the focus of several lines of research.
* Koroku Kato [email protected] 1
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
2
Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
One of the lines of research concerns the presence of lymph node metastasis, which is an important prognostic factor for OSCC; moreover, in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
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