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Emil-Alexandru Brujan

Cavitation in Non-Newtonian Fluids With Biomedical and Bioengineering Applications

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Emil-Alexandru Brujan University Politechnica of Bucharest Department of Hydraulics Spl. Independentei 313, sector 6 060042 Bucharest Romania [email protected]

ISBN 978-3-642-15342-6 e-ISBN 978-3-642-15343-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-15343-3 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010935497 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Cavitation is the formation of voids or bubbles containing vapour and gas in an otherwise homogeneous fluid in regions where the pressure falls locally to that of the vapour pressure corresponding to the ambient temperature. The regions of low pressure may be associated with either a high fluid velocity or vibrations. Cavitation is an important factor in many areas of science and engineering, including acoustics, biomedicine, botany, chemistry and hydraulics. It occurs in many industrial processes such as cleaning, lubrication, printing and coating. While much of the research effort into cavitation has been stimulated by its occurrence in pumps and other fluid mechanical devices involving high speed flows, cavitation is also an important factor in the life of plants and animals, including humans. Several books and review articles have addressed general aspects of bubble dynamics and cavitation in Newtonian fluids but there is, at present, no book devoted to the elucidation of these phenomena in non-Newtonian fluids. The proposed book is intended to provide such a resource, its significance being that non-Newtonian fluids are far more prevalent in the rapidly emerging fields of biomedicine and bioengineering, in addition to being widely encountered in the process industries. The objective of this book is to present a comprehensive perspective of cavitation and bubble dynamics from the stand point of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, physics, chemical engineering and biomedical engineering. In the last three decades this field has expanded tremendously and ne