CBT-Informed Interventions for Essential Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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ORIGINAL PAPER
CBT‑Informed Interventions for Essential Workers During the COVID‑19 Pandemic Kathy Benhamou1 · Alexandra Piedra1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic face heightened levels of anxiety and depression due to increased work demands, lack of adequate personal protective equipment, fear of contracting the virus, and fear of spreading it to loved ones. This is a time of urgent need for mental health support for workers affected by the pandemic crisis. Clinicians may employ empirically supported interventions derived from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and related therapies. Psychological First Aid, an evidence-based crisis intervention, may be utilized to emphasize basic needs and support, but is intended as an acute disaster intervention. Given that a pandemic is an ongoing and prolonged stressor, additional CBT-informed interventions are likely needed to fully support essential workers during these times. It is recommended that clinicians help essential worker clients meet their basic needs by modifying health and sleep habits where possible and helping them advocate for their needs using interpersonal effectiveness skills. Empathic listening, validation of the crisis at hand, and values clarification can aid the therapeutic relationship, help them feel a renewed sense of purpose and meaning in their careers and with their families, and facilitate behavior change consistent with chosen values. Self-monitoring through a daily diary can help clients focus their thoughts and recognize maladaptive patterns in their thoughts and behaviors. In tandem with these techniques, behavioral activation and coping strategies including relaxation, distress tolerance, and acceptance promote engaging in positive and adaptive activities. Finally, therapists can help clients reduce anxiety related to the pandemic by helping them limit information intake. Keywords Cognitive-behavioral interventions · CBT · Crisis intervention · Pandemic · COVID-19 · Frontline professionals · Essential workers Among healthcare workers on the frontline of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), heightened depression, insomnia, anxiety, and distress are common (Lai et al. 2020). In addition, Dutheil et al. (2020) predict that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) will be a downstream consequence of the stressors brought on by the pandemic. In a recent survey conducted by Shanafelt et al. (2020), frontline professionals are most commonly concerned with becoming overworked, the rapidly changing demands placed on their work roles, becoming infected and infecting others, inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE) in the workplace, lack of access to testing, and concerns about family members. Additionally, * Kathy Benhamou [email protected] 1
Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11220 Bellflower Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
essential workers are potentially experiencing unprecedented moral injury in their professional
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