CdSe quantum dots capped with a deep eutectic solvent as a fluorescent probe for copper(II) determination in various dri
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ORIGINAL PAPER
CdSe quantum dots capped with a deep eutectic solvent as a fluorescent probe for copper(II) determination in various drinks Susan Sadeghi 1 & Abdolbaset Davami 1 Received: 26 July 2019 / Accepted: 13 December 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study shows that copper(II) ions can be determined with a new fluorescent probe that is based on the use of CdSe quantum dots capped with deep eutectic solvent (DES-CdSe QDs). The capped QDs were prepared in aqueous phase by a onestep procedure under ambient atmosphere using selenium dioxide as a stable precursor for selenium, and ascorbic acid as nontoxic reducing agent. The deep eutectic solvent is composed of choline chloride and thioglycolic acid and acts as stabilizing and functionalizing agent. The fluorescent probe undergoes an increase in the fluorescence intensity (with excitation/emission wavelengths at 380/560 nm) in the presence of Cu(II). Other ions display no significant effect on fluorescence. The effects of sample pH value, concentration of buffer, and volume of QDs solution were optimized by response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken statistical design. Under the optimal conditions, the response of the probe is linear in the 10–600 nM Cu(II) concentration range, with a 5.3 nM limit of detection. This is lower than the allowable maximum Cu(II) concentration in drinking water. The relative standard deviation of the method for five replicate measurements of Cu(II) at a 100 nM concentration level is 2.0%. The probe was successfully applied to the determination of Cu(II) in various drinks. Keywords Cu(II) determination . Deep eutectic solvent . Capped QDs . Fluorescent probe . Box Behnken design . Drink analysis
Introduction Copper ion [Cu(II)] is an essential element in many physiological and pathological processes including cell respiration and bone formation. On the other hand, Cu(II) at high concentrations can be harmful owning to damage of central nervous system that led to Wilson and Parkinson diseases [1]. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulated Cu(II) concentration in drinking water that should not exceed 20 μM (1.3 ppm) [2]. Therefore, analysis of low concentration of Cu(II) by methods with low cost, rapid response and simple operation is highly demand. Until now,
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-4085-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Susan Sadeghi [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
various atomic analytical techniques have been utilized for the determination of Cu(II) ions, including graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) [3], flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) [4], inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) [5], and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [6]. Although these techniques provide good sens
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