Molecularly imprinted ratiometric fluorescent probe for visual and fluorescent determination of aristolochic acid I base
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Molecularly imprinted ratiometric fluorescent probe for visual and fluorescent determination of aristolochic acid I based on a Schiff-base fluorescent compound Jianping Ye 1 & Xin Cai 1 & Qing Zhou 1 & Zhihong Yan 1 & Kang Li 1 Received: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A molecularly imprinted ratiometric fluorescent probe (MIRF probe) was synthesized for the determination of aristolochic acid I (AAI) based on the Schiff-base fluorescent compound N,N′-bis(o-carboxybenzylidene)-p-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl (BDDB). The BDDB was immobilized in the silica nanoparticle (BDDB@SiO2) as an internal standard material. The blue-emitting BDDB@SiO2 and the yellow-emitting carbon quantum dots (y-CDs) were wrapped in the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) to provide a reliable reference signal at 440 nm and a fluorescent response signal at 530 nm at the excitation wavelength of 365 nm, respectively. In the preparation of the MIP of the MIRF probe, 4-vinylbenzoic acid as the functional monomer and AAI as the template molecule were used. An imprinting factor of 2.25 was obtained. Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescent response signal at 530 nm was quenched gradually by AAI in the range 1.0 to 120.0 μmol/L, while the reference signal at 440 nm remained unchanged. The limit of detection was 0.45 μmol/L, and the fluorescent color of the MIRF probe changed gradually from yellow to green to blue, which illustrated that the developed probe had a specific AAI recognition ability, a good anti-interference ability, and a sensitively visual determination ability. The probe was successfully applied to the AAI determination in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Asarum. The results showed that it had satisfactory recoveries (95.5– 107.3%) and low relative standard deviations (2.0%). Furthermore, this method has a potential for the onsite naked eye determination of AAI in TCM samples. Keywords Molecularly imprinted ratiometric fluorescent probe (MIRF probe) . Schiff-base fluorescent compound . Visual determination . Aristolochic acid I (AAI) . Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
Introduction Aristolochic acid I (AAI) is a kind of plant secondary metabolite, which exists in TCM Aristolochia and Asarum plants [1, 2]. Many studies have found that AAI was associated with not only the urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and upper tracts [3, 4] but also the liver cancer in Asia [5, 6]. However, there is still a lack of rapid Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04598-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Kang Li [email protected] 1
School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
determination method for AAI [7–9]. And the visual determination is becoming a research hotspot. Therefore, in this work, a ratiometric fluorescent method for rapid and visual determination of AAI in TCM samples was established for safety
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