Cedrol protects against chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain through inhibiting oxidative stress and inf
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cedrol protects against chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation Mohammad Hossein Sakhaee 1 & Seyed Amir Hossein Sayyadi 2 & Nader Sakhaee 3,4 & Hamid R. Sadeghnia 5 & Hossein Hosseinzadeh 6,7 & Fahimeh Nourbakhsh 2 & Fatemeh Forouzanfar 8,9 Received: 27 March 2020 / Accepted: 15 May 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Injured somatosensory nervous system cause neuropathic pain which is quite difficult to treat using current approaches. It is therefore important to find new therapeutic options. We have analyzed cedrol effect on chronic constriction injury (CCI) induced neuropathic pain in rats. The mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity were evaluated using the von Frey filament, radiant heat and acetone drop methods. The changes in the levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol (SH), as well as inflammatory mediators including Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) were estimated in the lumbar portion (L4–L6) of neuropathic rats. Administration of cedrol attenuated the CCI-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. CCI produced an increase in MDA along with a reduction in SH levels in the spinal cord of the CCI rats. Reduced levels of SH were restored by cedrol. Also, the levels of MDA were reduced in the cedrol-treated CCI rats compared to the untreated CCI rats. Besides, level of TNF-α and IL-6 increased in the spinal cord of CCI group and cedrol could reverse it. The current study showed that cedrol attenuates neuropathic pain in CCI rats by inhibition of inflammatory response and attenuation of oxidative stress. Keywords Neuropathic pain . Cedrol . Oxidative stress . Inflammation . Medicinal plants . Somatosensory neurons
Introduction Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition due to injured somatosensory nervous system often described as sharp, stinging, stabbing, or burning (Brzezicki and Zakowicz 2018; Drummond et al. 2014; Evangelista et al. 2018).
Pharmacological options for the treatment of neuropathic pain are limited in their effectiveness and are and are accompanied with adverse side effects (Islam et al. 2017; Wong et al. 2014). Thus, there is a growing demand for safer and more effective novel drugs. Nowadays, herbal medicines is becoming a popular therapy in numerous neurological diseases (Solimini et al.
Mohammad Hossein Sakhaee and Seyed Amir hossein sayyadi have equal contribution as first author * Fatemeh Forouzanfar [email protected]; [email protected]
5
Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
1
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
6
2
Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science
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