Cellulose and its derivatives for application in 3D printing of pharmaceuticals
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Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-020-00498-5
REVIEW
Cellulose and its derivatives for application in 3D printing of pharmaceuticals Bhupendra Raj Giri1 · Surendra Poudel1 · Dong Wuk Kim1 Received: 18 April 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © The Korean Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology 2020
Abstract Background Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has emerged as an advanced manufacturing technology capable of producing complex yet precise medicines intended for patient-centric drug therapy. However, printable materials currently available for 3DP are far too limited. Area covered The current article covers various cellulose-based polymers as well as their applications, especially in 3DP of oral solid dosage forms. The review focuses on their physicochemical properties, roles, and functions in conventional as well as 3DP dosage forms, and the characteristics of the obtained printed products are discussed. In addition, the challenges and considerations for processing cellulose-based feedstock materials are briefly presented. Expert opinion Cellulose and its derivatives are regarded as suitable polymers with a huge potential for applications in 3DP drug delivery systems. It is therefore essential to better understand cellulose-based printable polymers and their applications in 3DP. Keywords Cellulose · 3D printing · Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose · Hydroxypropyl cellulose · Ethylcellulose · Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate
Introduction The manufacturing of patient-specific pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals exploiting three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology has gained a large boost and has been increasingly investigated over the past few years (Sandler and Preis 2016; Lim et al. 2018). Though conventional pharmaceutical manufacturing processes (e.g. direct powder compaction, encapsulation) have a long history and are cost-effective due to large-scale (mass-oriented) production, they are based on a “one-size-fits-all” principle, and thus are inefficient for the production of complex, dose flexible, and tunable-release preparations (Rantanen and Khinast 2015). It is obvious that dose requirements can vary according to Bhupendra Raj Giri and Surendra Poudel have contributed equally to this work. * Dong Wuk Kim [email protected] 1
College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
the characteristics of individual patients such as, gender (Freire et al. 2011), genetics (Elens et al. 2010; Hulot et al. 2011), age (Merchant et al. 2016), body mass (Hamburg and Collins 2010; Taherali et al. 2018), height (Houghton et al. 1975), disease conditions (Breitkreutz and Boos 2007), and metabolic rate (Sandler and Preis 2016). Thus, to overcome the limitations of traditional manufacturing processes and emphasize patient-centric healthcare, customized drug therapy based on the profile of individual patients is essential (Tutton 2012). Advancements in healthcare industries and the
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