Central Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19
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(2020) 20:60
NEUROLOGY OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE (J BILLER, SECTION EDITOR)
Central Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 Afshin A. Divani 1 & Sasan Andalib 1,2,3 & José Biller 4 & Di Mario Napoli 5 & Narges Moghimi 1 & Clio A. Rubinos 6 & Christa O’Hana Nobleza 7 & P. N Sylaja 8 & Michel Toledano 9 & Simona Lattanzi 10 & Louise D McCullough 11 & Salvador Cruz-Flores 12 & Michel Torbey 1 & M. Reza Azarpazhooh 13 & Accepted: 8 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global health crisis of our time. The disease arises from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on host cells for its internalization. COVID-19 has a wide range of respiratory symptoms from mild to severe and affects several other organs, increasing the complexity of the treatment. There is accumulating evidence to suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can target the nervous system. In this review, we provide an account of the COVID-19 central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. Recent Findings A broad spectrum of the CNS manifestations including headache, impaired consciousness, delirium, loss of smell and taste, encephalitis, seizures, strokes, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neurogenic respiratory failure, encephalopathy, silent hypoxemia, generalized myoclonus, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and Kawasaki syndrome has been reported in patients with COVID-19. Summary CNS manifestations associated with COVID-19 should be considered in clinical practice. There is a need for modification of current protocols and standing orders to provide better care for COVID-19 patients presenting with neurological symptoms. Keywords COVID-19 . SARS-CoV-2 . CNS manifestations . Neurological manifestations . Pandemic . Stroke
Afshin A. Divani and Sasan Andalib contributed equally to this work. This article is part of the Topical Collection on Neurology of Systemic Disease * Afshin A. Divani [email protected] 1
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Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA Research Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Department of Neurology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Tex
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