Centrifuge and numerical modelling of earthquake-induced soil liquefaction under free-field conditions and by considerin
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Centrifuge and numerical modelling of earthquake‑induced soil liquefaction under free‑field conditions and by considering soil–structure interaction A. G. Özcebe1 · D. Giretti2 · F. Bozzoni1 · V. Fioravante3 · C. G. Lai4 Received: 30 March 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Modelling earthquake-induced soil liquefaction and assessing its consequences to overlying buildings are still delicate and challenging tasks in geotechnical earthquake engineering. Having been carried out within the European H2020 LIQUEFACT project, this paper focuses on the application of both physical and numerical modelling techniques. We present the complete passage starting from the preparation of the physical models to ending with the comparison of recorded (experimental) and simulated (numerical) results. We discuss in detailed manner the dynamic response of two systems with and without the presence of a structure lying at the top of a uniform, medium-dense, saturated Ticino sand, whose main properties (physical, mechanical, hydraulic, and state) are well known. Through a set of numerical analyses carried out under homogeneous conditions, we provide in this paper insights to throw light into the effect of structure on the system response. Salient conclusion of this work suggests that the presence of structure changes the kinematic response of the system through beneficial effect in terms of increased vertical effective stress and detrimental effect in terms of concentrated strain field present nearby the foundations. Unfortunate combination of those beneficial and detrimental effects results in stronger response in terms of acceleration and larger settlements with the presence of structure with respect to the free-field counterpart. Keywords Liquefaction · Soil–structure interaction · Numerical modelling · Seismic centrifuge test · LIQUEFACT
* A. G. Özcebe [email protected] 1
European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering, EUCENTRE, Pavia, Italy
2
ISMGEO, Bergamo, Italy
3
Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
4
Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
1 Introduction For more than 3 decades, the use of centrifuge tests has been contributing significantly to the knowledge in the field of earthquake geotechnical engineering by providing essential information through both direct elaborations of the physical model responses and presentations of well-documented benchmark models to be imitated by highly sophisticated numerical constitutive models. A comprehensive account of past research on the assessment of soil liquefaction through centrifuge testing is too vast to be reported exhaustively. Hence, a selection of some of the most relevant studies are briefly cited hereinafter. Early examples of centrifuge tests (Scott 1988; Steedman 1991) were mostly focusing on the free-field local site conditions. In the pioneering VELACS project (A
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