Centroid-Based Routing protocol with moving sink node for uniform and non-uniform distribution of wireless sensor nodes
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Centroid‑Based Routing protocol with moving sink node for uniform and non‑uniform distribution of wireless sensor nodes Habila Basumatary1 · Arindam Debnath1 · Mrinal Kanti Deb Barma1 · Bidyut Kumar Bhattacharyya2
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A routing protocol called ‘Centroid-Based Routing (CBR)’ is proposed to optimize the total system energy for a given wireless sensor network. We have designed the CBR protocol to optimize the battery life of the sensor nodes, by using a mobile Sink Node (SN). In CBR, several clusters are formed for the sensor nodes and each cluster is assigned a ‘Cluster Head (CH)’ node, and these CHs act as a local Base Station. The SN moves to a coordinate point (Xc, Yc) which we call a ‘Centroid Point (CP)’ to collect data from the CH nodes. This ‘CP’ is dependent on the coordinates of all the CHs and also on their residual or remaining energy left over at any given round. This way the CH nodes have to pump a balanced amount of energy to send and receive data from SN, which makes the nodes last for a longer period. The simulation results imply that the CBR model is much efficient compared to other existing models in terms of energy utilization and network lifetime for the non-uniformly distributed sensor nodes in a given network area. Keywords Cluster head · Energy-efficiency · Mobile sink · Wireless sensor networks
1 Introduction In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the location-based sensor nodes are designed to sense and collect information from the surroundings and they are also capable of communicating with each other wirelessly. After the deployment, sensor nodes organize themselves and broadcast their status. Each node knows the status of each * Habila Basumatary [email protected] 1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India
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Georgia Institute of Technology, Packaging Research Center, Atlanta, USA
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other and can detect each other [1]. These nodes have a very limited power supply, memory storage capacity, and computational abilities. Having, in-built power supply, the sensor nodes need power for sensing, processing, and communication purpose [2]. Communications among various nodes consume the maximum amount of energy [3, 4]. The sensor nodes can sense different natural or physical conditions by measuring the parameters such as temperature, pressure, sound, humidity, speed, direction, the concentration of chemicals, and vibrations [5]. The applications of WSNs in many diverse areas have been increasing continuously. WSNs are used in home automation, area surveillance, environment precision for agriculture, traffic and animal control, etc. [6]. Most of the time, the sensor networks are designed for the deserted areas such as forest or military war regions for monitoring purpose where human reach is not feasible. Hence changing or recharging the sensor nodes’ batteries is a difficult task. Due to its wide rang
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