Congestion-Aware Opportunistic Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
It is expected that 50 billion devices in the world will be connected on IOT by 2025. The importance of wireless sensor networks cannot be overstated in this scenario. Network becomes more beneficial to an application when it can be used to its full poten
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Abstract It is expected that 50 billion devices in the world will be connected on IOT by 2025. The importance of wireless sensor networks cannot be overstated in this scenario. Network becomes more beneficial to an application when it can be used to its full potential, which is difficult to achieve because of limitations of resources (processor, memory, and energy). There are many existing routing mechanisms which deal with these issues by reducing number of transmissions between sensor nodes by choosing appropriate path toward base station. In this paper, we propose a routing protocol to select the optimized route by using opportunistic theory and by incorporating appropriate sleep scheduling mechanisms into it. This protocol focuses on reduction of congestion in the network and thus increases an individual node’s life, the entire network lifetime, and reduces partitioning in the network.
Keywords Wireless sensor networks Opportunistic routing protocol Congestion control Sleep scheduling mechanisms
M. Shelke (&) A. Malhotra Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT) Affiliated to Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, India e-mail: [email protected] A. Malhotra e-mail: [email protected] P. N. Mahalle Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 S. C. Satapathy et al. (eds.), Smart Computing and Informatics, Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies 77, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5544-7_7
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1 Introduction Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are an essential technology which has the potential to change our lives. Hence, WSN is considered as one of the very important elements of Internet of Things. WSN holds huge count of applications where human approach cannot reach easily. Recent advances in technology have made manufacturing of tiny and low-cost sensors technically and economically practical. WSN comprises hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes. These tiny sensor nodes are capable of sensing, processing, and communicating environment or application parameters to the base station. These nodes are heavily deployed either inside the device or in its perimeter. Sensor nodes can be deployed using random or deterministic approach [1]. In random deployment approach, nodes are deployed in inaccessible terrains or disaster relief operation with no fixed topology. In deterministic approach, nodes are deployed with a fixed topology. WSNs are used in wide variety of application areas such as military, ambient monitoring, weather monitoring, security, inventory control, disaster management, health, forest fire detection. In all these applications, the sensor nodes sense the required parameters and transmit them to the sink node. Sensor nodes can communicate with each other and directly or indirectly with the base station. Communication of data from sensor node to base station requires discovery of efficient path known as routing. Routing is a very
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