Changes in mineral composition of six strains of Pleurotus after substrate modifications with different share of nitroge
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Changes in mineral composition of six strains of Pleurotus after substrate modifications with different share of nitrogen forms Mirosław Mleczek1 · Monika Gąsecka1 · Anna Budka2 · Przemysław Niedzielski3 · Marek Siwulski4 · Pavel Kalač5 · Patrycja Mleczek6 · Piotr Rzymski7,8 Received: 12 July 2020 / Revised: 25 September 2020 / Accepted: 27 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The chemical characteristics of substrate are one the most significant factors influencing the growth and development of cultivated mushroom species. The aim of this study was to determine the mineral composition of six Pleurotus species (P. cistidiosus, P. djamor, P. ostreatus, P. ostreatus var. florida, P. pulmonarius and P. sajor-caju) growing on three wheat straw substrates with the addition of agricultural fertilizer rich in ammonium and with addition of salt solution rich in nitrates. Significant differences in the concentration of Al, Ca, Cu, Ir, Ni, Ru, Sn and Te were observed in all substrates used in this experiment. Cultivation on chemically-enriched substrates did not result in changes in yield with the exception of P. sajorcaju, which had a lower yield when grown on ammonium-rich substrate. No macroscopic alterations in fruit bodies were observed for any species regardless of the applied substrate. A higher concentration of selected elements was not correlated with their higher content in particular mushroom species, or such a relationship was present only in selected mushroom species. The efficiency of element accumulation depends on their concentration in the substrate (positive values of rs), although the mushroom species and the nitrogen form concentration may also have a significant impact (negative rs values). The obtained results show that cultivation of different Pleurotus strains on substrates enriched with a different share of ammonium and nitrate may cause changes in their mineral composition in spite of the similarity in the concentration of the majority elements in substrates. Keywords Pleurotus mushrooms · Substrate composition · Yield · Mineral content * Mirosław Mleczek [email protected]
Introduction
1
Species belonging to the Pleurotus genus are globally one of the most popular marketable mushrooms, not only because of their taste and nutritional value but also because of their relatively easy cultivation and ability to grow on many types of lignocellulosic biomass [1]. Pleurotus species belong to white-rot fungi that are known to produce a wide variety of polysaccharide and lignindegrading enzymes (affected by pH, temperature, and other typical fermentation factors) which are capable of degrading different lignocellulose materials [2, 3]. Carbohydrates are necessary for the growth and development of mycelia. Therefore, most types of organic matter containing lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose with a different C/N ratio, such as sawdust, corn stalks, and stalk, cotton waste, rice straw, pomace, wheat stalks or banana leaves can be successfully employed as mushroom substr
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