Changing State Feminism

Most Western democracies established women's policy agencies to improve the status of women by the 1990s. One of the book's key questions is how have women's policy agencies been able to develop, maintain or enhance their roles in the transformed politica

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Also by Joyce Outshoorn THE POLITICS OF PROSTITUTION: Women’s Movements, Democratic States and the Globalization of Sex Commerce (editor) Also by Johanna Kantola FEMINISTS THEORIZE THE STATE

Changing State Feminism Edited by

Joyce Outshoorn Professor of Women’s Studies University of Leiden, The Netherlands

and

Johanna Kantola Senior Lecturer in Politics University of Helsinki, Finland

Editorial matter, selection, Chapter 1 and Chapter 14 © Joyce Outshoorn and Johanna Kantola 2007 All remaining chapters © respective authors 2007 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-0-230-51661-8

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-35450-4 DOI 10.1057/9780230591424

ISBN 978-0-230-59142-4 (eBook)

This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 16

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Contents List of Tables

vii

Preface

ix

Notes on the Contributors

xi

List of Abbreviations

xix

1

Changing State Feminism Johanna Kantola and Joyce Outshoorn

2

Australia: the Fall of the Femocrat Marian Sawer

3

What Happened to the Model Student? Austrian State Feminism since the 1990s Birgit Sauer

41

State Feminism and Women’s Movements in Belgium: Complex Patterns in a Multilevel System Karen Celis and Petra Meier

62

State Feminism Finnish Style: Strong Policies clash with Implementation Problems Anne Maria Holli and Johanna Kantola

82

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9

Women’s Policy Agencies, Women’s Movements and a Shifting Political Context: Towards a Gendered Republic in Fran