Changing the channel on medical ethics education: systematic review and qualitative analysis of didactic-icebreakers in
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Changing the channel on medical ethics education: systematic review and qualitative analysis of didactic‑icebreakers in medical ethics and professionalism teaching Abbas Rattani1 · Dalia Kaakour2 · Raafay H. Syed3 · Abdul‑Hadi Kaakour4 Accepted: 10 October 2020 © Monash University 2020
Abstract As medical ethics and professionalism education continues to equip medical students and residents with long-lasting tools, educators should continue to supplement proven teaching strategies with engaging, relatable, and generationally appropriate didactic supplements. However, popular teaching aids have recently been criticized in the literature and summative information on alternatives is absent. The purpose of this review is to evaluate and assess the functional use and application of short form audiovisual didactic supplements or "icebreakers" in medical ethics and professionalism teaching. A systematic review of both the medical and humanities literature (i.e., PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and JSTOR) was conducted from inception to August 1, 2019. Final articles were subjected to a qualitative appraisal and thematic analysis. Thirteen articles were included for final analysis. Sixty-nine percent (n = 9) of the studies were published after 2000. Two studies were qualitative, one study was quantitative, and the remaining articles were commentaries. Short form audiovisual media was most popular outside of the United States (n = 10). Sixty-nine percent (n = 9) of articles advocated for self-contained media in the form of trigger films or short films/videos, while the remaining articles (n = 4) discussed the use of TV/film clips. Producibility of media was exclusive to short/trigger films. Nine themes were identified in the content analysis: adaptability, conversation catalyst, effective, engaging, nuance, practice, producibility, real, and subject diversity. The three most common themes in descending order of frequency were: conversation catalyst, realness, and adaptability. Trigger films represent an effective and unique pedagogical strategy in supplementing current medical ethics and professionalism teaching at the medical school level. Keywords Medical education · Medical ethics · Professionalism · Systematic review · Trigger films * Abbas Rattani [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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1 Introduction At the medical school level, much of medical ethics and professionalism education and subsequent testing takes the form of a widely used and most recognized pedagogical strategy—the written clinical vignette (Alarcón and Aguirre 2007; Fiester 2007; Arawi 2010; Klemenc-Ketis and Kersnik 2011; Hirt et al. 2013; Hoffman et al. 2018; Jerrentrup et al. 2018; Lumlertgul et al. 2009). Films, television (TV) shows, and their respective clips have also been incorporated as widely-popular and engaging supplements to the written vignette. By extension, the engagement potential of visual media has also led some educator
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