Characterisation of Landslide using InSAR Technique and Electrical Resistivity Method at Paya Terubong, Malaysia
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Characterisation of Landslide using InSAR Technique and Electrical Resistivity Method at Paya Terubong, Malaysia Kazeem Olukunle Rauff1
•
Ismail Ahmad Abir1
•
Daniele Perissin2
Received: 9 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 Ó Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2020
Abstract Ground movement is common around hilly areas; as such, there is a need to investigate the activities of the ground surface and subsurface of such regions. This research presents an application of the Permanent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) technique and electrical resistivity (ER) method for the measurement of ground deformations and investigation of the subsurface features, respectively, at Paya Terubong, Penang Island. The PS-InSAR is an instrument for detecting patterns of deformation over a wide region, while the ER approach is used to image subsurface characteristics and measure the resistivity of the rock formation. Satellite data obtained from Sentinel-1A (S-1A) were used to detect some active ground deformation zones. The velocity of - 41 mm/Yr was discovered along the line of sight (LOS) of the system, indicating subsidence. An ER survey was performed at the topsoil within 5 m depth based on the ground deformation patterns detected through the InSAR technique. Two-dimensional (2-D) resistivity lines were laid using the ABEM SAS4000 Terameter and a dipole–dipole array with an electrode spacing of 2.5 m. The areas with low values of resistivity ranging between 0 and 20 Xm were classified as saturated zones. The efflux and influx of subsurface water when the layers of rocks are lubricated and downcutting of steep slopes are among the suspected causes of deformation. The application of the two techniques has improved the understanding of both the surface and subsurface mechanisms, reduced variation in the results, and allowed the investigation of active landslide areas. Keywords Ground movement Subsurface Electrical resistivity InSAR technique Ground deformation
Introduction Landslide is a natural geohazard that is induced by the action of gravity (Kavzoglu et al. 2014), crashes down without notice, and travels several kilometres. It can cause significant destruction to lives and property globally (Kundu et al. 2013; Di Martire et al. 2016). The two main classifications of landslides are the nature of the movement & Kazeem Olukunle Rauff [email protected] Ismail Ahmad Abir [email protected] Daniele Perissin [email protected] 1
School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang Island, USM, Malaysia
2
School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, Purdue, USA
and the type of materials involved. The movement includes rockfall, internal debris flow, and mudflow that takes place (Schulz et al. 2017) while the materials involved are solid rock or unconsolidated sediments (Furuichi et al. 2018) that are weaker sediments, which have not been compressed considerably by overlying materials (Tappenden 2014). A landslide can either be triggered by natural phenomena suc
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