Characteristics and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds during the remediation of contaminated sites in Z
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Characteristics and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds during the remediation of contaminated sites in Zhenjiang, China X. Zhao1 · H. Ma2 · J. Lu2 · T. Yin1 · S. Zhang1 · Q. Zhang1 · X. Dong3 · Q. Shuai2 · T. Wei3 · X. Gong3 Received: 1 February 2020 / Revised: 19 August 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract Recently, contaminated site is an important source of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In order to clarify the contaminated site VOCs concentration level, species, and sources, air samples were collected with Summa Canisters in the atmosphere of a closed plant during the in situ thermal desorption remediation process. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency TO-15 method, 57 kinds of VOCs were detected, using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. The results showed that the concentration of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) ranged from 99.49 μg·m−3 to 849.63 μg·m−3, with a mean value of 460.93 μg·m−3. The detected VOCs could be categorized as olefins, halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, sulfur compounds, ethers, esters, alkanes, and aromatics. Halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatics were the predominant compounds, whose concentration accounted for 40.27% and 39.73% of TVOCs, respectively. The principal component analysis results showed that the production of glyphosates, raw pesticide materials, and exhaust emissions during plant production process and site remediation were the probable sources of detected ambient VOCs. This study is significant to assess human health risk during the site remediation and make VOCs controlling policy. Keywords Volatile organic compounds · Air pollution · Contaminated site remediation · Source apportionment
Introduction Communicated by Anna Grobelak. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02947-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * J. Lu [email protected] 1
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, People’s Republic of China
2
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People’s Republic of China
3
Research Center of Organic Waste Gas Engineering Technology, Jiangsu Daxin Environment Technology Co., Ltd, Wuxi 214200, People’s Republic of China
VOCs are considered to be those organic compounds having a vapor pressure greater than 10 Pa at 25 °C, a boiling point of up to 260 °C at atmospheric pressure. According to different chemical structures, VOCs can be classified into alkanes, aromatics, alkenes, halogenated hy
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