Characteristics of Latent Periods and Variability Parameters of Elements of a Simple Visuomotor Reaction: An Electromyog
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acteristics of Latent Periods and Variability Parameters of Elements of a Simple Visuomotor Reaction: an Electromyographic Study V. I. Sobolev* V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received June 12, 2018; revised December 25, 2018; accepted November 10, 2019
Abstract—Parameters of a visuomotor reaction (VMR) were studied in young females (18–19 years of age) by interference electromyography. The stimulus detection time (sDT) and movement initiation time (MIT) as components of the simple VMR with a latency of 173.1 ± 0.36 ms were found to be 141.8 ± 0.32 and 31.3 ± 0.05 ms, respectively. Their relative contributions to the total VMR time were 81.9 and 18.1%, respectively. Average latency deviations (absolute growth on a chain basis) were 31.9 ± 1.17 ms for the sDT and 1.63 ± 0.05 ms, 19.6 times lower, for MIT. Their relative values (chain-based growth rate) were 21.1 ± 0.78 and 5.24 ± 0.17%, respectively; the latter was 4.0 times lower. The findings point to a high stability of the metric motor component in the structure of a simple VMR and an extremely high variation of the sDT. A regression analysis showed that the sDT fluctuation amplitude ΔsDT increased 27 times faster than the MIT fluctuation amplitude ΔMIT with the increasing simple VMR time (from 120 to 350 ms). The finding indicates that the sDT component makes a predominant contribution to the total variation of the psychomotor reaction. Keywords: simple visuomotor reaction, electromyography, simple reaction time, stimulus detection time, movement initiation time, variability, interrelationships DOI: 10.1134/S0362119720020176
Psychometric studies of the specifics in functional states of the central nervous system (CNS) are broadly used in psychophysiological research, including various fields of applied physiology, neurology, psychiatry, gerontology, pedagogics, and psychology [1–5]. This is explained to a great extent by the high information capacity and basic organization principles of relevant reactions, the execution of which requires a high level of neuronal organization and the involvement of basic blocks of functional systems of the body [6–8]. A simple visuomotor reaction (VMR) is classed with the simplest reactions and, structurally, is characterized by three parameters: simple reaction time (sRT), stimulus detection time (sDT), and movement initiation time (MIT) [5]. The sRT parameter is most commonly used to evaluate the total speed of sensorimotor reactions and is numerically determined as the time from the moment of stimulus presentation to the start of metric muscle contraction. The simple VMR latencies reported in the literature range from 160 to 417 ms, while sample variances differ by one order of magnitude. First, sRT has been found to depend on the stimulus duration and intensity. The intensity dependence is possible to describe using an exponential function, i.e., the weaker the stimulus, the greater is the reaction
time, but the reaction time becomes constant once the stimulus has re
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