Characteristics of microbial community of soil subjected to industrial production of antibiotics
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Characteristics of microbial community of soil subjected to industrial production of antibiotics Martina Borčinová 1,2 Pavel Kyslík 2
&
Anastasiya Pitkina 1,2 & Helena Marešová 2 & Václav Štěpánek 2 & Andrea Palyzová 2 &
Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 30 August 2020 # Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. 2020
Abstract Ecosystems worldwide are exposed to pollutants connected to the industrial production of pharmaceuticals. The objective of this study was to study the composition and characteristics of the soil microbial communities that had been exposed to long-term selection pressure caused by the industrial production of penicillin G. Soil samples from four sites among the penicillin G production plant were analysed using 16S rRNA profiling via Illumina MiSeq platform and were compared with the control samples from four sites outside the plant. Total metagenomic DNA from the impacted soil was also used for the preparation of E. coli T1R-based fosmid library which was consequently qualitatively tested for the presence of penicillin G acylase (PGA)–encoding genes using the method of sequence homology. Analyses of alpha diversity revealed that the long-term antibiotic presence in the soil significantly increased the microbial diversity and richness in terms of Shannon diversity index (p = 0.002) and Chao estimates (p = 0.004). Principal component analysis showed that the two types of communities (on-site and control) could be separated at the phylum, class and genus level. The on-site soil was enriched in Betaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetia, while a significant decrease in Actinobacteria was observed. Metagenomic fosmid library revealed high hit rates in identifying PGAs (14 different genes identified) and confirmed the biotechnological potential of soils impacted by anthropogenic activity. This study offers new insights into the changes in microbial communities of soils exposed to anthropogenic activity as well as indicates that those soils may represent a hotspot for biotechnologically interesting targets. Keywords Antibiotic contamination . Industrial production . Microbial consortia . Metagenome . Fosmid library . Penicillin G acylase
Introduction Antibiotics are widely used to maintain human and veterinary health, and therefore, the size of this pharmaceutical market is still on the rise. However, there is also a corresponding increase in the amount of pollutants connected to this industrial Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-020-00819-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Martina Borčinová [email protected] 1
Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, CZ-12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic
2
Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
production entering the ecosystem. Due to the lack o
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