Characterization and gas sensing properties of graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite with long-term stability under high hu
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Characterization and gas sensing properties of graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite with long-term stability under high humidity Seyedeh Faezeh Hashemi Karouei1, Hossain Milani Moghaddam1,*
1
, and Someyeh Saadat Niavol1
Department of Solid State Physics, University of Mazandaran, 4741695447 Babolsar, Iran
Received: 29 August 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 3 November 2020
Graphene/polyaniline (Pani) nanocomposites (G/Pani) were prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization using different (0–30 wt%) of graphene. According to the characterization, the presence of graphene in Pani matrix reduced the density of surface states and increased the defect density. The partial protonation of Pani and different wt% of graphene showed significant effect on CO2 gas sensing at room temperature and high humidity (ca. 90%). All prepared samples showed dynamic response and rapid recovery time to different concentrations of CO2. The nanocomposite with 20 wt% of graphene exhibited better protonation degree, sensitivity and reversibility to other samples. The sensor responded to 0.5 vol% CO2 gas three times bigger than Pani. The excellent long-term stability (about 18% less than the initial experiment) was obtained for the sensor based on G/Pani after 1 year, which makes it a potential candidate for application in CO2 gas sensor.
Published online: 16 November 2020
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Introduction CO2 sensor has been attracting considerable attention in an environment with rather high humidity for preserving a clean environment in an airtight room, to apply to medical equipment such as a metabolic breathing system, controlling agricultural and biological processes [1]. Moreover, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for Handling Editor: Joshua Tong.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05532-3
CO2 of 5000 ppm (0.5% CO2 in air) averaged over an 8-h workday (time-weighted average or TWA). Resistive-type gas sensors are the most attractive for this aim due to the ease of fabrication, simple operation, low production cost, miniaturization and flexibility for application to the existing circuits [2–4]. However, a main problem is that high humidity affects the sensing characteristics. Hence, the development of a resistive-type CO2 gas sensor workable under rather high humidity with longer lifetime at
4240 room temperature is strongly desired. In recent decades, nanostructure materials, conducting polymers, organic/inorganic nanocomposites, organic hybrids comprising carbon materials are employed to create resistive-type gas sensor devices with enhanced performances at room temperature [3–8]. Polyaniline (Pani), as a conducting polymer, with environmental stability, easy synthesis, controllable electrical conductivity during the synthesis process, excellent reliability and outstanding redox properties has been effectively investigated for the gas sensor [9–15]. I
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