Characterization and mutational analysis of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 human influenza A vir
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Characterization and mutational analysis of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 human influenza A viruses in Egypt May S. Soliman1 • Mahmoud M. Kamel2 • Jamal A. Alorabi3 • Nader M. Mohamed4,5 Amani A. El-Kholy1 • Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim6,7
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Received: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 26 May 2020 Indian Virological Society 2020
Abstract Seasonal influenza viruses constitute a major global concern. Currently, H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 are the commonly circulating influenza A viruses. The haemagglutin and neuraminidase genes of influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses from Egyptian paediatric patients with respiratory distress were sequenced. Mutational analysis of all published sequences from Egypt was evolutionary tracked for both HA and NA genes. Phylogenetic analysis of H3N2 HA showed that the Egyptian strains belong to 3C2 subclade while Egyptian A(H1N1)pdm09 strains belong to 6B1 subclade. Some Egyptian A(H1N1)pdm09, 2013–2014, strains form a new subclade; 6B3. High score of mutations were recorded in HA of H1N1pdm09 but higher was recorded in H3N2 strains. These findings confirmed a high mutation rate of influenza A subtypes specially H3N2 strains.
& Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
2
Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
3
Biology Department, College of Science, Taif University, Al-Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Al Ahrar Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt
5
Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Al-Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
6
Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, Al-Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
7
Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, BeniSuef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt
Keywords H3N2 H1N1 Influenza Mutational analysis H1N1pdm09 Egypt
Introduction Seasonal influenza viruses continue to constitute a major global concern that is responsible for high morbidity (5–10% of the adults and 20–30% of children) and considerable mortality of approximately 290,000–650,000 deaths annually [27, 28]. Both influenza A virus (IAV) and influenza B virus (IBV) are the potential causes of seasonal influenza. Human influenza A viruses (IAVs) belong to the genus Alphainfluenzavirus within the family Orthomyxoviridae. Viruses of that genus possess eight segments of negative-sense RNA, PB2, PB1, P, HA, NP, NA, M and NS, which encode for ten essential proteins [1]. Both HA and NA proteins determine the antigenic properties and pathogenicity of the influenza viruses. HA is responsible for virus attachment, envelope fusion and neutralization while the virus uses NA for eluting the virus progeny from infected cells [1]. The HA protein is cleaved by cellular proteases into the HA1 and HA2. To date, there are eighteen different types of haemagglutinin (HA) and eleven types of the neuraminidase (NA) [1]. Although there are doz
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