Characterization and potential application of gleysols and ferralsols for ceramic industry: a case study from Dimako (Ea
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Characterization and potential application of gleysols and ferralsols for ceramic industry: a case study from Dimako (Eastern Cameroon) Josti M. Doum 1 & Gentry C. Fuh 1 & Soureiyatou Fadil-Djenabou 2 & Vincent Laurent Onana 1 & Paul-Désiré Ndjigui 1 & John S. Armstrong-Altrin 3 Received: 5 January 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Gleysol and ferralsol samples were collected at Dimako (Eastern Cameroon) to investigate their use as raw materials in the ceramic industry, using petrological and physicochemical approach. Field and analytical investigations reveal that gleysols are grey-white with sandy clay textures. The organic carbon contents are low in both soil types. These soils are characterized by low cation exchange capacity (CEC) contents (3–5.40 cmol(+)/kg). The mineral assemblage of gleysols comprises quartz and kaolinite with few amounts of anatase and zircon. In ferralsols, the mineralogical composition is quartz, kaolinite, and hematite with accessory anatase, gibbsite, goethite, and zircon. The Fourier-transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectra confirm the presence of kaolinite with ordered structure. Gleysols are richer in SiO2 than ferralsols. However, gleysols are less enriched in Al2O3 than ferralsols. Fe2O3 contents are lower in gleysols (av. = 0.93 wt% at Koba and 1.69 wt% at Dimako) than in ferralsols (6.21–8.79 wt%). The abundance of quartz and kaolinite exhibits low contents in other major elements and several trace elements (including rare-earth elements (REE)) except Zr, Sr, and Ba in some samples. The normalized REE patterns relative to parent rocks (gneisses and granites) and chondrite reveal negative and positive Ce anomalies, strong negative Eu anomalies, and intense REE fractionation. Both soils result from the intense chemical weathering of gneisses and granites under tropical humid climate. Technological properties (color, grain size distribution, linear shrinkage, water absorption, and flexural strength) increase with the firing temperature, from 1000 to 1200 °C. Petrological and technological features highlight that gleysols are inorganic clays appropriate for refractory bodies and white stoneware tiles. Keywords Chemical weathering . Gleysols . Ferralsols . Quartz and kaolinite . Refractory products . White bodies . Eastern Cameroon
Introduction Responsible Editor: Domenico M. Doronzo Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06007-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Paul-Désiré Ndjigui [email protected] 1
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
2
Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon
3
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad de Procesos Oceánicos y Costeros, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
According to the WRB (
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