Characterization of Beet curly top Iran virus infecting eggplant and pepper in north-eastern Iran
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Characterization of Beet curly top Iran virus infecting eggplant and pepper in north‑eastern Iran Vahid Tahan1 · Jahangir Heydarnejad2 · Behrooz Jafarpour1 Received: 14 April 2019 / Revised: 6 February 2020 / Accepted: 13 March 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract Beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV) (Becurtovirus, Geminiviridae) is a destructive virus in crop growing farms in Iran. In this study, BCTIV infected eggplant and chili and bell pepper plants showing typical geminivirus symptoms were collected in north-eastern Iran and investigated. PCR and sequence of the resulting amplicons showed that the samples are infected with the BCTIV. A bell pepper isolate was chosen and BCTIV full-length genome was amplified using rolling circle amplification (RCA) method. An infectious clone containing a partial dimer of the BCTIV genome was constructed and used for agroinoculation tests. Results indicated that inoculated eggplant and bell pepper seedlings with BCTIV infectious construct are efficiently infected and resulted in 60 and 47% infection. Based on the results of this study, eggplant and chili and bell peppers are the BCTIV hosts in north-eastern Iran and therefore, eggplant is reported as new natural host of BCTIV. This finding confirms broad host range of the virus. Keywords Beet curly top Iran virus · Eggplant · Pepper · Agroinfection The Family Geminiviridae is a second largest of plant virus families distributed worldwide (Brown et al. 2012). Geminiviruses comprise unique features such as isometric twinned or “geminate” particles, 22 × 38 nm in diameter (Böttcher et al. 2004; Zhang et al. 2001; Hipp et al. 2017; Hesketh et al. 2018). Geminate particles contain one or two circular ssDNA genome components ranging from 2.5 to 5.2 kb. Geminiviruses with monopartite genome have one ssDNA molecule, while those with a bipartite genome have two ssDNA molecules (called DNA-A and DNA-B) (Zerbini et al. 2017). Currently, based on the biological properties such as vector, host range and genome constitution, geminiviruses are classified into nine genera, namely, Begomovirus, Mastrevirus, Curtovirus, Topocuvirus, Eragrovirus, Becurtovirus, Turncurtovirus, Capulavirus and Grabluvirus (Zerbini et al. 2017).
* Jahangir Heydarnejad [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Protection, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box 91775‑1163, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, 7616914111 Kerman, Iran
2
Curly top disease (CTD) is a destructive disease of crops and vegetables and until now, five geminiviruses have been reported as the causal agent of the disease. Beet curly top virus (BCTV, the genus Curtovirus) was first reported in the United States in 1888 (Bennett 1971) and in 1967 from Iran (Gibson 1967). BCTIV (the genus Becurtovirus) is the main causal agent of the CTD in sugar beet and a number of crops in Iran (Heydarnejad et al. 2007). The newly created genus Turncurtovirus comprises Turnip curly top virus (T
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