Occurrence and incidence of Pepper mottle virus infecting chilli in Punjab, India
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Occurrence and incidence of Pepper mottle virus infecting chilli in Punjab, India Shikha Sharma1 · Abhishek Sharma2 · Sukhjeet Kaur2 · Santokh Singh Kang1 Received: 22 August 2019 / Revised: 13 February 2020 / Accepted: 27 February 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract Chilli is an economically important crop throughout the world. Chillies are grown extensively in India leading to highest productivity in world. Viruses are reported as important constraints in hot pepper production, which lowers yield and result in poor fruit quality. Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) disease was recorded on hot pepper in various district of Punjab during the year 2014–2015. Round the year survey of Punjab revealed various symptoms on hot pepper on different cultivars such as vein-banding, mosaic, puckering and mottling during early crop season (March–June). Whereas, leaf curl type symptoms started appearing from mid-season (June–July). Plants showing symptoms viz., mottling and greening of leaf veins, blistering were found to be associated with PepMoV infection. Among the surveyed districts, maximum incidence of mottle disease of hot pepper was recorded in Patiala (21%) followed by Sangrur (19%) and SAS nagar (15%). Universal primers specific to potyviruses were used to characterize the virus associated with the disease. Keywords Chilli · Cross reactivity · Pepper mottle virus · Potyviruses · RT-PCR
Introduction Chillies or hot peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are considered to be native of North Eastern Mexico. Since the introduction of chilli in around sixteenth century, cultivation of this crop has increased and the major factor contributing to it was the favourable climate of the continent. In the world area and production of chilli is around 1.77 mha and 4.16 mt respectively (FAO 2018). Asia contributes 68% of total chillies and pepper production in world. China is world leader in production. The area and production of chillies in the country is 0.75 mha and 2.10 mt. Whereas the productivity of chilli in india is 2.86 tonnes/ha as compared to the productivity of world i.e. 2.34 tonnes/ha. Hot pepper is susceptible to many pathogens, however, viruses have been reported to cause huge loss to chilli production in India (Muthukumar and Bhaskaran 2007). Viruses are reported to lower yield * Shikha Sharma shikhasharma‑[email protected] 1
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
Department of Vegetable Sciences, College of Horticulture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
2
and poor fruit quality (Villalon 1975, 1981). Occurrence of greater than 45 viruses including, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper leaf cu virus (PepLCuV), Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV) and Pepper vein banding virus (PVBV) have been reported by different workers infecting chilli pepper worldwide (Green and Kim 1991). Among them, Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Pepper vein mottle virus (PVMV) have been r
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