Characterization of Ceramics of the Maya Protoclassic Period in Izamal, Yucatan, Mexico
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Characterization of Ceramics of the Maya Protoclassic Period in Izamal, Yucatan, Mexico M. del Rosario Domínguez C.*1, Rafael Burgos V.2, Yoly Palomo C.2, Eric Reyes C.3, Efraín Rubio R.3 1
Centro de Investigaciones Históricas y Sociales/Universidad Autónoma de Campeche. Av. Agustín Melgar s/n entre Juan de la Barrera y Calle 20. Col. Buenavista, Campeche, México, CP 24039, Mexico. *e-mail: [email protected] 2 Centro INAH, Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Yucatán. Km. 6 ½ Carretera Mérida a Progreso, s/n, Mérida, Yucatán, CP 97310, Mexico. 3 Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Prolongación de la 24 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Puebla, CP 72570, Mexico.
ABSTRACT As a result of archaeological investigations carried out in the pre-Hispanic city of Izamal, Yucatan, Mexico a large number of fragments of pottery vessels were recovered from the period known as maya protoclassic. The most important of this collection was its similarity to ceramic style representative recognized as Holmul, whose production has been identified mostly in the region of the Central Maya Lowlands. This style includes Ixcanrio Orange Polychrome ceramic type as diagnostic type more easily distinguished by its orange slip and tetrapods supports. Izamal, is the only place in the Northern Maya Lowlands has reported a large amount of pottery of this ceramic type. In this study we try to identify the origin of manufacture using X-ray diffraction technique. This will allow us to understand the social and political behavior of this ceramic tradition and their presence in this region of the Maya area. INTRODUCTION Izamal city is located about 70 km to east of Merida. Is probably the most important archaeological site in the northern plains of the Yucatan Peninsula. It was the capital of a political center that dominates a large territory of approximately 6,000 km2 which included a network of roadways known as sacbeo'ob. Among these roads, is the second longest sacbé known in the Maya area of nearly 30 km. Izamal is an archeological site with a continuous occupation since the Middle Preclassic period to the present [1-2] (Figure 1). The chroniclers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were the first to describe the constructions of Izamal and mention the first interpretations about the functions of the buildings [1] Thanks to the work of archaeological rescue in the pre-Hispanic buildings of Izamal, carried out by Izamal Project from the Centro INAH Yucatán since 1992, valuable information has been obtained about other smaller sites in the region, especially on their participation in the social organization and commercial networks in the area [3]. One of the aspects that demonstrate its importance as the leading center of a large part of the northern plains of Yucatan is the presence of vessels of Ixcanrio Orange Polychrome ceramic type. Therefore, the present study has as main objectives: First, to identify the origin of
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