Characterization of horizontal transmission of blueberry latent spherical virus by pollen
- PDF / 2,068,629 Bytes
- 9 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 71 Downloads / 159 Views
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Characterization of horizontal transmission of blueberry latent spherical virus by pollen Masamichi Isogai1 · Kotaro Miyoshi1 · Manabu Watanabe1 · Nobuyuki Yoshikawa2 Received: 1 June 2020 / Accepted: 19 August 2020 / Published online: 29 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nicotiana benthamiana plants became infected with blueberry latent spherical virus (BLSV) after pollination with pollen grains produced by BLSV-infected N. benthamiana plants. Interestingly, pollen grains produced by BLSV-infected Vaccinium corymbosum (blueberry), Nicotiana alata, and Petunia × hybrida (petunia) plants also transmitted the virus to healthy N. benthamiana plants after pollination. As seen using aniline blue staining and fluorescence microscopy, pollen grains from BLSV-infected blueberry, N. alata, and petunia plants germinated on stigmas of N. benthamiana, and the pollen tubes penetrated the stigmas in a manner similar to that of N. benthamiana pollen grains on N. benthamiana stigmas. Whole-mount in situ hybridization and chromogenic in situ hybridization analysis showed that infected blueberry and N. benthamiana pollen grains germinated on N. benthamiana stigmas, and virus-containing pollen tubes penetrated the stigmas. Tissue blot hybridization analysis revealed that the initial infection sites were the N. benthamiana stigmas pollinated with infected pollen grains from blueberry and N. benthamiana. In addition, the virus spread from the initial infection sites to the phloem in the stigma and style. Taken together, we suggest that penetrating pollen tubes that harbored the virus results in infection foci in the stigma, and the virus then moves to the vascular tissues in the stigma and style and eventually establishes systemic infection.
Introduction In the life cycle of flowering plants, the pollen grain is essential as the male gametophyte, but pollen can carry some plant viruses and horizontally transmit them to healthy plants after pollination (horizontal pollen transmission) [5, 20]. Viruses transmitted in this way can infect the seeds formed in plants pollinated with the virus-contaminated pollen and be vertically transmitted to the new plants from these seeds. Some researchers have accepted that virus particles from virus-contaminated pollen infect the seed embryo during fertilization, thus leading to vertical transmission. The virus then spreads from the embryo to the mother plant tissues, leading to horizontal transmission [19, 20]; however, the virus seems to be prevented from moving from the Handling Editor: Ioannis E. Tzanetakis. * Masamichi Isogai isogai@iwate‑u.ac.jp 1
Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3‑chome 18‑8, Morioka 020‑8550, Japan
Agr‑innovation Center, Iwate University, Ueda 3‑chome 18‑8, Morioka 020‑8550, Japan
2
embryo into the mother plant by a callose layer between the embryo and the mother plant tissues. Indeed, tobacco streak virus has been reported to be horizontally transmitted to healthy plants through the
Data Loading...
