Characterization of Nanoparticle Films and Structures Produced by Hypersonic Plasma Particle Deposition
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Characterization of Nanoparticle Films and Structures Produced by Hypersonic Plasma Particle Deposition Christopher R. Perrey, Ryan Thompson, C. Barry Carter*, Ashok Gidwani1, Rajesh Mukherjee1, Thierry Renault1, P. H. McMurry1, J. V. R. Heberlein1, and S. L. Girshick1 Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455 *corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT There is great potential for the use of nanostructures in numerous applications. Investigation of nanoparticle films and structures is an important area of research for the production of nanoengineered devices. However, for these devices to become a reality, a production method that can yield high-rate synthesis of nanostructured powders is necessary. The hypersonic plasma particle deposition (HPPD) process has been shown to be capable of such high-rate production of nanoparticle films and structures. Versatile in its ability to manufacture nanoparticles of different chemistries HPPD also has the capability of in situ particle consolidation and assembly. In this study, chemically diverse films and structures have been produced by HPPD on a variety of substrates. Using novel specimen preparation techniques, these nanoparticles have been characterized by TEM. Fundamental issues of importance have been investigated for both the nanoparticle structure and the constituent nanoparticles. These issues include nanoparticle crystallinity and defect structure. The chemical homogeneity and structural characteristics of the deposition are also investigated. This application of microscopy to aid process development has resulted in insights into the nanoparticle formation process and the dynamics of the HPPD process. INTRODUCTION There is currently great interest in the synthesis and processing of nanostructured materials, which are materials with grain sizes less than about 100nm. Such materials are often found to have properties superior to those of conventional bulk materials. Examples of enhanced properties include greater strength, hardness, reactivity, etc. Past developments in production and determination of the properties of these materials have been summarized in extensive reviews [1, 2]. The potential applications of these materials include wear resistant coatings, microparts for MEMS , ductile ceramics, new electronic and optical devices, and catalysts. This work demonstrates the ability of hypersonic plasma particle deposition (HPPD) to produce deposits of nanostructured materials. Characterization of these deposits has led to a greater understanding of nanoparticle formation and the dynamics of the HPPD process.
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Figure 1: Schematic of the HPPD apparatus EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS Hypersonic Plasma Particle Deposition (HPPD) involves a one-step process in which nanoparticles are both synthesized and deposited. The experimental set-up is shown schematicall
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