Characterization of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Generated from the Lower Cretaceous Carbonate Format
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Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh https://doi.org/10.1007/s00501-020-01011-z © The Author(s) 2020
Characterization of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Generated from the Lower Cretaceous Carbonate Formations in the Arabian Peninsula and Gulf Francesco Arneodo1, Marco Balata2, Mohamed Lotfi Benabderrahmane1, Gianmarco Bruno1, Adriano Di Giovanni1, Osama Fawwaz1, Matthias Laubenstein2, Laura Manenti1, Stefano Nisi2, and Rüdiger B. Richter3,4 1
New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Campus, United Arab Emirates Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi L’Aquila, Italy 3 BAUER Resources, Germany & BAUER Emirates Environment Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 4 Chair of Mineral Processing, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria 2
Received July 3, 2020; accepted July 10, 2020
Abstract: For most of the petroleum reservoirs in the world, the impact of the mother nuclides such as uranium-238 on the deposition of radioactive materials a.k.a. NORM from the formation and particularly as mineral scales adherent to tubulars and other equipment is considered insignificant. Uranium is regarded as insoluble in the reservoir formation and the prevailing understanding is that dissolved radium is not generated necessarily by U and Th in solution. Consequently, “uranium scale”, as a technical term, seems to be non-existent in the oil and gas industry. However, gamma spectroscopy and chemical analysis of NORM scale samples of carbonate origin, performed in the course of this research, has proven that they actually can contain uranium. A fundamental relationship between uranium and vanadium in scales is presumed. The highest specific activity of 238U in scale analyzed with gamma spectroscopy was at 11.4 [Bq/g] and supplementary chemical analysis has shown concentrations of up to 740 ppm total uranium and up to 260 ppm vanadium. Keywords: NORM, Uranium scale, Oil & gas industry, Gamma ray spectroscopy, Uranyl minerals, Carbonate scale
O. Fawwaz () New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Campus, United Arab Emirates [email protected] Dipl.-Ing. Dr.mont. R. B. Richter, MSRP () BAUER Resources, Germany & BAUER Emirates Environment Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates [email protected]; [email protected]
Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh
Charakterisierung von natürlich vorkommendem radioaktivem Material (NORM) aus den Karbonatformationen der unteren Kreidezeit auf der Arabischen Halbinsel und im Golf Zusammenfassung: In den meisten Erdölreservoirs der Erde wird der Einfluss der Mutternuklide, wie Uran-238, bei der Ablagerung von radioaktivem Material (NORM) aus der Lagerstätte und insbesondere bei der Ausbildung von kesselsteinartigen mineralischen Ablagerungen, den sogenannten „Scales“, die an Gestängen und Ausrüstung anhaften, als vernachlässigbar angesehen. In der Lagerstättengeologie etwaig vorhandenes Uran wird als unlöslich betrachtet und die vorherrschende Meinung ist, dass gelöstes Radium nicht notwendigerweise durch U und Th in Lösung erzeugt wird. Folglich kommt der Begriff „UranSca
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