Characterization of Polyurethane/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites: Morphology and Thermodynamics
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Characterization of Polyurethane/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites: Morphology and Thermodynamics Ce Sun1 · Zanru Wang1 · Qiong Wang3 · Jun Cao1,2 · Wenlong Li1 · Haiyan Tan1 · Yanhua Zhang1,2 Accepted: 26 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, a series of polyurethane/montmorillonite (PU/MMT) nanocomposite films were prepared by in-situ polymerization method. The effect of MMT contents on the properties of the films was investigated using various test methods. MMT enhanced the thermal stability of the films, and the glass transition temperature of PU/MMT films was increased because MMT limited the movement of molecular chains of PU. MMT was well-dispersed in the nanocomposites because the agglomeration of MMT was inhibited by mechanical force. Especially in the PU/4% MMT nanocomposite, MMT showed the best dispersibility. This study showed that the addition of MMT effectively improved the properties of the PU/MMT nanocomposite films. Keywords Polyurethane · Montmorillonite · X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy · Electron microscopy · Dynamic mechanical analysis
Introduction Polyurethane (PU) is an extraordinarily versatile material with two-phase morphology due to the heterogeneity of hard (diisocyanate) and soft (dihydroxyl/ polyhydroxy) segments. 4, 4′-diphenymethylate diisocyanate (MDI) is used to react with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to generate repeated structural units of urethane segments [1]. The PEG is not only an easy processing and cheap material to prepare polyurethane, but also can prevent side reactions of the -NCO functional groups with water. As an important polymer material, PU has excellent technical properties, including foaming ability, elasticity, adhesion, abrasion resistance, low temperature resistance, solvent resistance and aging resistance [2]. The production of PU has aroused great interest, because PU can * Jun Cao [email protected] * Yanhua Zhang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Bio‑Based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of EducationNortheast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
2
Postdoctoral Research Station of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
3
Wenzhou Polytechnic, Wenzhou 325000, China
meet the requirements of various application fields. There are hard and soft segments in polyurethane elastomer [3]. The soft segments have the high elasticity and low temperature resistance properties [4]. And the hard segments have significant effects on the structure and dynamic mechanical properties of PU [5]. Different ratios of -NCO/-OH can form various PU films to meet different requirements. However, PU has some shortcomings and application limitations. In previous studies, the properties of PU were improved by regulating the molecular chain structures or adding fillers during the process of progressive polymerization [6]. But these methods cannot simultaneously strengthen and toughen the polyurethane [7]. The intercalation compoundin
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