Characterization of Tagaran natural clay and its efficiency for removal of cadmium (II) from Sulaymaniyah industrial zon
- PDF / 1,707,275 Bytes
- 13 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 30 Downloads / 191 Views
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Characterization of Tagaran natural clay and its efficiency for removal of cadmium (II) from Sulaymaniyah industrial zone sewage Bakhtyar K. Aziz 1 & Dler M. Salh Shwan 2
&
Stephan Kaufhold 3
Received: 15 August 2019 / Accepted: 7 November 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The fine fraction of the Tagaran natural clay (TC) from the Kurdistan region of Iraq-Sulaimani was characterized and used to remove Cd ions from industrial swage. Using XRF, XRD, SEM, and FTIR, the dominant clay mineral of the Tagaran clay mineral was identified as saponite, with minor amounts of chlorite. The clay was examined for its efficiency to adsorb and remove (Cd2+) in the presence of other heavy metal contaminants from Sulaimani industrial zone sewage by a batch method. The effect of initial pH, equilibrium time, temperature, clay dosage, and Cd2+ concentration was studied. Results were evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The kinetics could be best fitted to pseudo-second-order reaction kinetic model. In addition, the activation energy and the amount of calculated and experimentally determined heavy metal loads were consistent. The thermodynamic studies showed spontaneous endothermic adsorption. The trioctahedral smectite (saponite) showed a good efficiency for the adsorption of Cd2+ from the real sample (up to 100%) which at least partly can be explained by cation exchange. Tagaran clay is a candidate material for the production of an adsorber material for removing Cd2+ from aqueous solutions. Keywords Tagaran natural clay . Cadmium . Isotherm . Sewage . Saponite
Introduction Cadmium is one of the heavy metals widely utilized in the industry although it is known to be toxic. Cadmium is used for the production of Ni-Cd batteries, printing inks, electroplating, and pigments for paints, plastics, rubber, lacquers, and special alloys. Natural cadmium ores occur in association with Zinc ore (Hwang and Wang 2001) (Vig et al. 2003) (Chamsaz et al. 2013). Cadmium accumulates in the human's body, especially Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr * Dler M. Salh Shwan [email protected] 1
College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal 46023, Iraq
2
Department of Chemistry, Clay and Environmental Chemistry Research Group, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
3
BGR Bundesansaltfür Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
in the kidneys and liver (Roushani et al. 2017). The effluents of the industry generally contain inorganic pollutants that cause contamination of the aquatic environment and leads to deleterious effects such as chemical, physical, or biological threats. Subsequently, the removal of these contaminations is required by reducing their concentrations to acceptable levels (Bel et al. 2017). Various processes were developed for removing heavy metal ions: separation using membranes (Abu and Moussab 2004), coagulation (Charerntanyarak 1999),
Data Loading...
