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Characterization of the cure shrinkage, reaction kinetics, bulk modulus and thermal conductivity of thermoset resin from a single experiment Yasir Nawab • Pascal Casari • Nicolas Boyard Fre´de´ric Jacquemin

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Received: 29 September 2012 / Accepted: 8 November 2012 / Published online: 27 November 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012

Abstract The use of thermoset composites has increased remarkably during the recent past in naval, automobile and aeronautical applications. Despite superior mechanical behaviour, certain problems, e.g. shape distortion, fibre buckling and matrix cracking, are induced in composite part, especially during fabrication due to the heterogeneous nature of such materials. Excellent control of the curing process is required for production of a composite part with required shape and properties. For an accurate simulation of the curing process, exact knowledge of cure-dependent polymer properties and heat transfer is needed. Several instruments are required to identify these parameters, which is time consuming, and costly. In the present study, results on the simultaneous characterization of bulk modulus, chemical shrinkage and degree of cure of vinylester resin using PVT-a device are presented. Determination of cure and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of the matrix using the same device is also discussed. The obtained results are compared with the available literature results.

Y. Nawab  N. Boyard Laboratoire de Thermocine´tique de Nantes, LUNAM Universite´, Universite´ de Nantes, UMR CNRS 6607, La Chantrerie, rue Christian Pauc, BP 50609, 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France Y. Nawab (&)  P. Casari  F. Jacquemin (&) Institut de Recherche en Ge´nie Civil et Me´canique, LUNAM Universite´, Universite´ de Nantes, UMR CNRS 6183, 37 Boulevard de l’universite´, BP406, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, France e-mail: [email protected] F. Jacquemin e-mail: [email protected]

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Introduction Composite materials have become a popular choice due to their super light weight, and superior mechanical properties among naval, aerospace and automobile industries. Frequent problems, e.g. shape distortion, fibre buckling and matrix cracking, etc., are faced during production as a consequence of the heterogeneous nature of such materials. Excellent control of the curing process is required for production of a composite part with required shape and properties. For an accurate simulation of the curing process, exact knowledge of cure-dependent polymer properties and heat transfer is needed [1–4]. Development of matrix properties, chemical shrinkage and thermal conductivity are strongly coupled with the degree of cure. In general, these are characterized with different instruments which may lead to the prejudicial results. Moreover, use of several instruments for determination of different parameters is time consuming and expensive. Therefore, a device which is able to measure several matrix/composite properties in controlled conditions may be very interesting. In the present article, r