Characterization of the NIST shellfish Standard Reference Material 4358
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Characterization of the NIST shellfish Standard Reference Material 4358 S. Nour • K. G. W. Inn • J. Filliben • H. van der Gaast • L. C. Men D. Calmet • T. Altzitzoglou • P. Povinec • Y. Takata • M. Wisdom • K. Nakamura • P. Vesterbacka • C. C. Huang • S. M. Vakulovsky
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Received: 13 August 2012 / Published online: 13 September 2012 Ó Akade´miai Kiado´, Budapest, Hungary 2012
Abstract A new shellfish Standard Reference Material 4358 was developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology through an international interlaboratory comparison that involved twelve laboratories-participants from nine countries. The results from the participants were statistically evaluated, and the most robust certified values were based on the median of laboratories’ reported means and the uncertainties derived using the bootstrap method. Massic activity certified values were established for fourteen radionuclides, five activity ratios, and informational massic activity values for eight more radionuclides and two activity ratios. Keywords Standard Reference Material Shellfish SRM Radionuclide Interlaboratory comparison Certified values Uncertainties Informational values
S. Nour (&) K. G. W. Inn J. Filliben National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA e-mail: [email protected] H. van der Gaast Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Menai, Australia L. C. Men Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan D. Calmet Institut de Radioprotection et de Suˆrete´ Nucle´aire, Orsay, France T. Altzitzoglou Institute for Reference Material and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
Introduction The radioactive contamination of the ocean is a major environmental problem. A considerable amount of radioactive waste is stored in the ocean that spread radioactivity into all the ocean environment, and is transferred into the food chain. The ecological, health, and safety communities are extremely concerned about the potential ocean contamination on a global scale. There are different monitoring systems established around the world conducting periodical measurements of the ocean ecological system. The cost effectiveness and trustworthiness of these systems is of critical importance. A key component to the confidence in monitoring is the use of and ocean-matrix radioactivity Standard Reference Materials that are representative of the ocean system.
Y. Takata Japan Chemical Analysis Center, Chiba, Japan M. Wisdom National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory, Montgomery, AL, USA K. Nakamura National Institute Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan P. Vesterbacka Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland C. C. Huang Taiwan Radiation Monitoring Center, Taichung, Taiwan S. M. Vakulovsky Scientific Production Association ‘‘Typhoon’’, Obninsk, Russia
P. Povinec IAEA Marine Environment Laboratory, Monaco-Ville, Monaco
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J Radioanal Nucl Chem (2013) 296:301–307
Biological organisms, including shellfish, are used as indicators of the radionuclide levels
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