Chemical Explosives and Rocket Propellants
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PART I. CHEMICAL EXPLOSIVES INTRODUCTION
The average citizen in today's world gives little thought to the important role that commercial explosives play in our lives and how their use is linked to our standard of living and our way of life. Explosives provide the energy required to give us access to the vast resources of the earth for the advancement ofcivilization. To maintain our standard of living in the United States, every day 187,000 tons of concrete are mixed, 35 million paper clips are purchased, 21 million photographs are taken, using large quantities of silver, 80 pounds of
*Dyno Nobel, Part I, Chemical Explosives. The author wishes to acknowledge that liberal use has been made of material which appeared in the ninth edition version of this chapter which was written by Dr. Walter Sudweeks. **Aerojet Propulsion Division. Part II, Rocket Propellants.
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Riegel Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, I Oth Edition
Edited by Kent. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York 2003
gold are used to fill 500,000 cavities, and 3.6 million light bulbs are purchased. It takes more than 40 different minerals to make a telephone, and 35 to make a color television. Even everyday products such as talcum powder, toothpaste, cosmetics, and medicines contain minerals, all of which must be mined using chemical explosives. 1•2 Without explosives the steel industry and our entire transportation system would not be possible. The generation of electricity has been largely dependent on coal, and coal mining today is still the largest consumer of industrial explosives. Rock quarrying for road building, and excavations for skyscrapers, tunnels, roads, pipelines, and utilities are direct beneficiaries of the labor saving use of explosives. COMMERCIAL EXPLOSIVES MARKET
The use of commercial explosives in the United States continued to expand during the 1990s, reaching a peak in 1998. Figure 31.1 shows the 1317
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CHEMICAL EXPLOSIVES AND ROCKET PROPELLANTS
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TABLE 31.1 Industrial Explosives and Blasting Agents Sold in the United States by State and Class (Metric Tons) Fixed High Explosives
2000
1999 Other High State
Arizona Kentucky Missouri Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Wyoming Others Total
Blasting Agents
Permissibles Explosives and Oxidizers
Total
Other High
Blasting Agents
Permissibles Explosives and Oxidizers
Total
0 975 2 98 250 121 4 350
414 2,460 1,490 3,280 1,700 609 233 20,914
109,000 408,000 45,500 110,000 194,000 214,000 81,400 928,100
109,000 411,000 47,000 114,000 196,000 214,000 81,700 947,300
20 806 2 88 206 117 44 247
548 2,720 1,280 1,980 2,690 1,240 635 22,807
112,000 499,000 116,000 139,000 231
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