Chemical Modification and Tribological Evaluation of Pure Rice Bran Oil as Base Stocks for Biodegradable Lubricants
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Chemical Modification and Tribological Evaluation of Pure Rice Bran Oil as Base Stocks for Biodegradable Lubricants Ananthan D. Thampi1 • Abhishek R. John1 • S. Rani1
•
M. Muhammed Arif2
Received: 9 February 2020 / Accepted: 15 August 2020 The Institution of Engineers (India) 2020
Abstract Vegetable oils act as a potential base stock for biodegradable lubricants. They possess better biodegradability, high flash point, high viscosity index and excellent lubrication properties. They also have some limitations like low thermal and oxidation stability, poor low-temperature properties and narrow range of viscosities. These limitations can be easily altered by chemically modifying vegetable oils or by using additives into these oils. This research work focused on the chemical modification of pure rice bran oil by epoxidation process. The epoxidized product of rice bran oil was then subjected to ring-opening process using different acids such as butanoic acid, benzoic acid and lauric acid. The tribological properties, flash temperature parameter and energy consumption in a fourball tester for pure rice bran oil (RBO), epoxidized and ring-opened products of RBO were studied. It was noted that the evaluated properties of chemically modified products of RBO were better compared to pure RBO. Keywords Rice bran oil Vegetable oil Epoxidation Ring opening Lubricant properties
& S. Rani [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Tribology Research Centre, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, India
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, India
Introduction Lubricants are applied in between the mechanical components which have relative movement to facilitate the smooth movement and furthermore to reduce the wear and friction, the machinery will be able to work more efficiently for a prolonged period of time with reduced energy losses and emissions. The base oils commonly used for most of the industrial lubricants are mineral oils due to their availability, cost and compatibility. The progressive depletion of fossil fuels and the negative environmental impacts of mineral oils have led to the search for some eco-friendly alternatives. Vegetable oils are considered to be a potential candidate for replacing mineral oils because they are renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic. Vegetable oils possess most of the desirable lubricity properties such as high flash point and high viscosity index. However, they have certain limitations such as low oxidative stability, poor cloud point and pour point characteristics. The lubricant properties of these vegetable oils mainly depend on the triglyceride structure present in the oil. The structural stability of esters formed will be determined by the triglyceride structure. The physicochemical properties of various vegetable oils are shown in Table 1. RBO is an edible oil that is locally available in Indian markets. This oil is extracted from the rice husk and germ. It i
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