Chemical modification of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with dicarboxylic acids to mediate the UV degradation in polyeth
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Chemical modification of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with dicarboxylic acids to mediate the UV degradation in polyethylene films D. L. Zapata‑Tello1 · V. Escobar‑Barrios2 · J. A. Gonzalez‑Calderon3 · Elías Pérez4 Received: 6 July 2019 / Revised: 31 October 2019 / Accepted: 10 December 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract This work deals with the study of the degradation of films made of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by the incorporation of commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 Nps). These nanoparticles were functionalized with three types of dicarboxylic acid, which have different length chain (glutaric, pimelic and azelaic acids), to improve their compatibility with LDPE. Besides, the effect of the functionalized TiO2 Nps concentration on the photodegradation, roughness, mechanical and thermal stability of the nanocomposites was evaluated. The obtained results show that the organic coating helps to passivate the photodegradation of LDPE; the longer carbon chain of the dicarboxylic acid, the higher active sites on filler/polymer interface, which inhibits photodegradation. Also, it was elucidated that calcium, from the functionalization, increased the thermal stability of the polymer nanocomposites when exposed to UV radiation. The thermal, physical (surface wear) and aesthetic (color) properties of polyethylene, with the functionalized nanoparticles, were less affected when exposed to the weather, where it is attributed to the UV photo-stabilization of the polymer. The resultant materials (LDPE with functionalized TiO2 Nps) can be used in diverse applications such as films for greenhouse and other agricultural applications, outdoor appliances (furniture and decks, for example), among others. Keywords Polymer nanocomposites · UV-stability · Dicarboxylic acids · Titanium dioxide · Polyethylene
* J. A. Gonzalez‑Calderon [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Polymer Bulletin
Introduction The polymeric materials have a wide range of applications in everyday life because of their low cost, durability, flexibility, good mechanical properties, and they usually are inert [1]. Polyethylene (PE), along with polypropylene (PP), represents more than 50% of the world polymer production [2], and the PE is the most consumed polymer, in the world, and can be transformed by several manufacturing processes since its versatility to be formulated, its low coefficient of friction and its very low absorbing moisture characteristic, and that it is easy to process [3]. In spite of its excellent characteristics, polyethylene has some disadvantages, for example, its saturated backbone does not allow easy chemical interaction with other polymers or compounds. Some approaches to overcome such issue are the functionalization of the polymeric chains; the use of functionalized fillers or particles and the use of functionalized copolymers. Several functional groups have been used for such purpose although th
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