Supercapacitance properties of porous carbon from chemical blending of phenolic resin and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids
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efang Zhang, Shangqi Yi, and Hui Chen College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
Hongbo Liua) College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China; and Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Spray Deposition Technology and Application, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, People’s Republic of China (Received 16 December 2015; accepted 20 April 2016)
We have reported the chemical blending carbonization method to obtain microporous carbon with high surface area for application as electrode materials in supercapacitors. Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with different methylene numbers (n 5 2, 4, 6, and 8) react with phenolic resin (PF) during curing process. Abundant micropores are created in the carbon matrix after the decomposition of grafted or blocked diacids at temperature higher than 400 °C. The specific surface area (SSA) of the carbonized blending system increases with the diacid chain length, but decreases after n . 4 of the chain length. The maximum SSA of the blending system is up to 605.9 m2/g, which increased approximately 68% compared to that of the neat carbonized PF. Electrochemical investigation indicates that the highest specific capacitances of the blending system reaches 175 F/g at a specific current of 0.1 A/g in 30 wt% KOH aqueous electrolyte. Furthermore, the capacitance maintenance achieves 82.8% as the current density enlarged 55 times.
I. INTRODUCTION
Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) have recently attracted extensive attention as an alternative energy storage system owing to their remarkable power density, long cycle life (over 100,000 cycles), and broad temperature range.1 In EDLCs, the energy is stored in an electric double layer through physisorption of electrolyte ions on the electrode surface. Thus, porous carbon is considered as an ideal electrode material for EDLCs because of its high specific surface area (SSA), tunable porous structures, chemical and thermal stability, good conductivity, and low cost.2 Up to now, a number of efforts have been devoted to develop carbon materials for EDLCs with tunable pore size distribution, such as template carbonization method,3,4 organic gel method,5,6 chemical activation method,7,8 and polymer blending carbonization method.9,10 The latter is a convenient method to obtain carbon materials with tunable pore structure because the pore structure can be controlled by the phase separation structure of the polymer
Contributing Editor: José Arana Varela a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2016.183
blends. Also, it avoids time-consuming post-treatment processes3,7 and deleterious metal ions.11 The idea of polymer blending carbonization is based on the differences in the thermal stabilities of two selected polymers. One tends to carbonize at high temperature (carbon precursor) while the other decomposes into gaseous products (thermal decomposable molecules) and leaves pores in the carb
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