Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel Powder
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INTRODUCTION
NANOPHASE magnetic materials have a wide range of applications in magnetic recording device,[1] ferrofluids,[2–4] and biomedical science.[5–7] The unique properties of nanomaterials and structures on the nanometer scale have sparked the attention of material developers. Hence, there has been much progress in the synthesis and fabrication of nanomaterials. Magnetic nanoparticles are also ideal systems for fundamental research in several areas including superparamagnetism, magnetic dipolar interactions, and magnetoresistance. As a result, a significant amount of work has been done to study the preparation and magnetic properties of such materials. Several techniques have been used for the production of metallic magnetic nanoparticles of metals such as inert gas evaporation/ condensation,[8,9] sonochemistry,[10,11] coprecipitation,[12,13] wet chemical method,[14–16] microemulsion method,[17] the polyol process,[18] and laser-driven thermal methods.[19] NiO nanoparticles are prepared by the homogenous precipitation method.[20–24] Compared with other techniques for production of nanomaterials being investigated, the gas–solid reaction route offers an interesting alternative toward the production of nanomaterials in substantial quantities. The reduction in a hydrogen atmosphere to produce high-purity nanoparticles from fine metal oxides is significant.[25–31] Regarding the application, the synthesis of particles with a definite shape, tailor-made size, and narrow size distribution may be the main goal with a definite composition either as a crystal or amorphous phase. The scope of this study is to investigate the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles in two stages: (1) synthesis of nickel oxide by chemical coprecipitation method MAITREYEE BHATTACHARYA, Scientist, is with the National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007, India. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted March 26, 2008. Article published online December 22, 2010. 380—VOLUME 42B, APRIL 2011
(carbonate precipitation) and (2) reduction of NiO in a stream of hydrogen gas at low temperature. In this investigation, nickel electrolyte of sea nodules is used as the source of nickel for the synthesis. No work has been reported on the synthesis of nanocrystalline nickel powder from the nickel electrolyte of sea nodules by the carbonate precipitation process to prepare NiO nanoparticles followed by reduction with hydrogen gas.
II.
METHODOLOGY
Nickel electrolyte (NiSO4) obtained after processing of sea nodules by roast reduction–ammonia leaching– solvent extraction at National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, India, was used as the nickel source for the current study. Nickel precipitate was prepared by the carbonate precipitation method using ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC) as the precipitating agent. AHC solution was added slowly to the nickel sulfate solution to get the nickel hydroxyl carbonate precipitate. The solution was stirred with the help of magnetic stirrer to obtain the homogenous precipitation. All the synthesis
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