Chemical Treatment of Lignosulfonates Under DBD Plasma Conditions. I. Spectral Characterization
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Chemical Treatment of Lignosulfonates Under DBD Plasma Conditions. I. Spectral Characterization Georgeta Cazacu1 · Oana Chirilă5 · Marian I. Totolin2 · Diana Ciolacu1 · Loredana Niţă3 · Mioara Drobotă4 · Cornelia Vasile1 Accepted: 13 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A new method for chemical modification of lignin product under dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma at atmospheric pressure is proposed. The motivation of this study is to obtain from ammonium lignosulfonate powder (ALS) and carboxylic acids (oleic acid, OA and lactic acid, LA) and butyrolactone (BL), new products with improved functionalities (ALS-LA, ALS-OA and ALS-BL), which may be used in manufacturing of biocomposite materials. The chemical transformations on the surface of ALS were evaluated by elemental analysis, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI), as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), UV–VIS and fluorescence spectroscopies. The attachment of the monomeric chains to the macromolecular network of ALS was proved by the values of atomic ratios (C/H, C/O and O/C), calculated from elemental analysis, reveal. The spectral results confirmed that the grafting reaction of ammonium lignosulfonate took place under cold plasma conditions and various compounds with special structures and functionalities have been obtained. Moreover, the recorded NIR-CI images (RGB and PCA components) provide information about ALS product homogeneity. Keywords Biopolymers · Ammonium lignosulfonate · Dielectric barrier discharge plasma · Tailor-made polymers · Surface modification
Introduction
* Diana Ciolacu [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Polymer Physical Chemistry, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487, 41 A, Grigore Ghica Vodă, Iasi, Romania
2
Laboratory of Electroactive, Polymers and Plasmochemistry, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487, 41 A, Grigore Ghica Vodă, Iasi, Romania
3
Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487, 41 A, Grigore Ghica Vodă, Iasi, Romania
4
Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Physics, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487, 41 A, Grigore Ghica Vodă, Iasi, Romania
5
S.C. Chemical Company S.A., 14, Bd. Chimiei, No. 14, 707252 Iasi, Romania
Plasma treatments are widely researched for different kinds of fibers and polymeric matrices and is considered an efficiently method to modify the natural polymeric materials (wood, lignocelluloses, cellulose, paper) [1–3]. The advantages of the plasma treatment procedure include environmental benefits, such as doesn’t employ harmful liquids or gases, being a dry chemistry option, and at the end of the process remained little or no waste. It is known that the plasma accelerates the electrons and by collisions, their energy transfers to molecules, leading t
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